First Amendment Issues: Prayer In Public School Essay

The Problem and Its Settings Free Essays

Section I: The Problem and its Settings â€Å"You do anything sufficiently long to get away from the propensity for living until the getaway turns into the propensity. † ~ David Ryan Introduction Internet and web based game dependence, here and there alluded to as the internet fixation or online compulsion, can show itself from multiple points of view in today’s adolescents. On the off chance that your girl/child/sister/sibling simply spent a whole lovely end of the week refreshing his/her page on Facebook, playing web based games on Y8, playing Vice City, doing combating on WarCraft prior an excursion with the family to an event congregation or shopping center, he/she might be giving indications of habit. We will compose a custom article test on The Problem and Its Settings or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The Internet is a tempting spot, particularly for today’s connected in adolescents who are undeniably bound to add spray painting to their friend’s Facebook divider than they are to really jump on their bike and ride over to that equivalent friend’s house. You need to let it out would be a test to interface vis-à-vis with somebody you’ve never met face to face and who lives in an alternate time zone. In that lies the issue. The Internet is ideal for youngsters. Today’s informal communication locales like Facebook and Twitter let them speak to themselves as whomever, or anything, they desire. Everything is altered by them, picked explicitly to introduce the face they need the world to see. What's more, in the event that they choose to change that face, at that point they simply erase a few pictures, include some new companions, and presto! †new individual! Specialists state that upwards of 10 percent of Internet clients might be viewed as dependent, albeit some psychological well-being experts scoff at utilizing that term from a clinical perspective. They contend that an action must be addictive when it causes a particular sort of substance response in the mind, and that’s difficult to decide. In any case, when you’re contending with a teenager about the measure of time she’s spending on the web and she just can’t complete her paper since her Instant Messenger continues cautioning her something new and energizing is going on with her closest companion, at that point call it what you like, it’s an issue †for you, the kid, and the whole family. Numerous guardians feel torn, however, about constraining their children’s time on the PC. On the off chance that a high schooler is battling socially, a few guardians accept any human collaboration, even through the PC, is desirable over none. Furthermore, with youngsters that are daring people or have flawed preference for companions, a few guardians feel they can more readily screen and protect their kids by letting them remain at home, downloading music records and making tests for their Web pages. What's more, numerous guardians simply need to stay away from the fits, the brush off, or the contentions that flare at whatever point the issue of PC opportunity the executives comes up. Foundation of the Study Internet is a worldwide arrangement of interconnected PC organizes that utilization the standard Internet convention suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of clients around the world. It is a system of systems that comprises of a huge number of private, open, scholarly, business, and government systems, of neighborhood to worldwide degree, that are connected by a wide cluster of electronic, remote and optical systems administration innovations. The Internet conveys a huge scope of data assets and administrations, for example, the between connected hypertext reports of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the foundation to help email. Internet game, a game played over some structure ofâ computer organize. This quite often implies the Internet or equal innovation, yet games have constantly utilized whatever innovation was current:â modemsâ before the Internet, and hard wiredterminalsâ before modems. The development of web based gaming has mirrored the general extension of PC systems from little neighborhood systems to the Internet and the development of Internet get to itself. Web based games can go from basic content based games to games joining complex designs and virtual universes populated by numerous players all the while. Numerous web based games have associatedâ online networks, making web based games a type of social movement past single player games. The rising prevalence of Flash and Java led to an Internet insurgency where sites could use spilling video, sound, and a totally different arrangement of client intuitiveness. When Microsoft started packaging Flash as a pre-introduced segment of IE, the Internet started to move from an information/data range to likewise offer on-request amusement. This transformation prepared for locales to offer games to web surfers. Some online multiplayer games like World of Warcraft, Final Fantasy XI and Lineage II charge a month to month expense to buy in to their administrations, while games such as Guild Warsâ offer an option no month to month charge conspire. Numerous different destinations depended on promoting incomes from on location supports, while others, like RuneScape, or Tibia let individuals play for nothing while at the same time leaving the players the choice of paying, opening new substance for the individuals. Fixation, can likewise be seen as a proceeded with inclusion with a substance or movement notwithstanding the negative results related with it. Joy, delight or alleviation from genuine or saw diseases would have initially been looked for; in any case, over some undefined time frame inclusion with the substance or movement is expected to feel typical. Some brain science experts and numerous laypeople now mean ‘addiction’ to remember unusual mental reliance for such things as betting, computer games, food, sex, sex entertainment, PCs, web, work, work out, adrenaline, revering, sitting in front of the TV or particular kinds of non-obscene recordings, profound fixation, self-injury and shopping. The American Society of Addiction Medicineâ begins their meaning of fixation by depicting it as â€Å"a essential, constant infection of cerebrum reward, inspiration, memory and related hardware. Proclamation of the Problem The most effective method to refer to The Problem and Its Settings, Papers

Data-driven versus Data-informed Whats Best for You

Data-driven versus Data-informed â€" Whats Best for You Data is a powerful tool for companies, as it provides information for businesses to work with. However, many companies do not make the best out of the available data, because they dont use it the right way.Data collection and analysis have changed rapidly over the past decades. Technology is advancing quickly and supercomputers can now take in huge amounts of data and draw conclusions within seconds. Yet, experts argue that truly efficient use of data still requires humans to think instead of simply relying on machines. © Shutterstock | everything possibleThis guide will look at the difference between being data-driven and being data-informed. Should you fully rely on data or better use it as one factor that guides your decisions? We’ll explore the advantages and the limitations of these two approaches and discuss which one is better to support your organization’s decision-making process.WHY DATA MATTERS?Before we take a more detailed look at data and the best practices for using it, we should first understand why we are using data at all. Does collecting huge amounts of data matter and in which way does it matter?Raw data provides businesses with information, which can be processed in different manners. The main goal is to use these information to make decisions. Therefore, data collection is part of your daily business â€" every company gathers and uses some sort of data.Analysis of raw data can provide many insights into your business. While a single piece of information in isolation might n ot contain much information, entire sets of data can provide ground for decision-making. If your business operates in the retail sector, for example, daily sales data can provide trends and pattern. You can find out which are the busiest sales days or which items sell the most.This information can be used to improve your business operations. You are able to hire more staff for the busier days and therefore boost sales further. You can optimize your sales pipeline by finding out which products sell the best. Hence, data can make your business run smoother and more efficiently, and save costs.In 2010, researchers at the University of Texas found that businesses, which improved their data quality and usability generated larger financial returns. According to the study, enhancing data usability by only 10% can increase annual sales per employee by more than 14%.The rise of big data â€" why is it important?Big data’ has been one of the buzzwords over the last years. The term refers to data sets, which are extremely large and complex. Due to their size and complexity, these data sets can only be analyzed with computerized systems.Big data has revolutionized the importance of data, as businesses can now use more data and draw more conclusions. Big data is especially useful in analyzing human behavior and interactions.To understand more about the importance of big data, watch the following TedTalk video with Kenneth Cukier: DIFFERENT WAYS TO USE DATA â€" DATA-DRIVEN VS. DATA-INFORMEDCompanies use data in different ways. While some corporations are data-driven, others are data-informed. Read on, and understand the difference.Data-driven â€" data leads the decision-making processIn its essence, data-driven means that data leads the decision-making process. The data thus plays an crucial role in the company, as decision-makers rely mostly on the data.Organizations, which are data-driven implement the use of data throughout the entire organization. Data analysis and use is not only the job of IT or data specialists, but all departments of the organization use and analyze data.Jim Giles, the author of the Economist Intelligent Unit Report called ‘Fostering a Data-Driven Culture’, said in an interview that data-driven businesses are “placing data at the heart of almost all important decisions”. “They [the companies] are tolerant of questioning â€" even dissent â€" about business decisions being made, as long as the questioning is based on data and their analysis,” Giles continued.The importance of data becomes increasingly evident when companies grow in size. Data-driven companies, such as the British supermarket chain Tesco or its American counterpart Walmart, achieved business successes with this method.Data-informed â€" putting the data in contextOn the contrary, data-informed organizations don’t rely on data in all of their decision-making. The companies use a more agile and responsive way of treating data. Therefore, data sets are seen in their specific context. Data is used to create a hypothesis, which remains to be proven.Today’s start-ups and organizations often view themselves as being data-informed instead of data-driven. However, the definitions are not set in stone and sometimes its not that clear to tell if an organization as a whole is data-driven or data-informed.THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF BEING DATA-DRIVENThe benefits â€" less human bias, less time-consumingStudies have highlighted that a data-driven culture can improve the financial performance of an organization. The Economist Intelligence Unit’s survey in 2012 showed that top performing companies often use a data-driven approach.Furthermore, since data-driven cultures allow data to lead the way, the decision-making is less influenced by the human element. The data is used as it is, without much further analysis. Data are considered as concrete facts. That removes the human bias that may come with data analysis.MIT Center for Digital Busines s studied data-driven decision management and found organizations using this approach had 4% higher productivity rates, together with 6% higher profits.Moreover, as companies spend less time analyzing their data, there is more time to deal with other operational aspects of running a business. Since gathering data and allowing it to come to its own conclusions won’t require much effort on your part, the focus can be directed to the day-to-day operations.The risks â€" huge amounts of data needed, gathered data can be wrong or biasedA data-driven approach requires the organization to collect vast amounts of data to ensure decisions are as effective and accurate as possible. Otherwise, outliers will bias the decision-making process. This can be an obstacle for many companies, especially for younger organizations, that might not have the capabilities or the resources to collect huge amounts of data.On the other hand, the more data you collect the harder it is to process it. The organiz ation might end up in a situation where it has a wealth of data, but is unable to use it to generate answers.Finally, relying on data can increase the chances of making the wrong decisions. Data itself can contain a bias. For example, the way how data is gathered can lead to a bias, which could distort the ultimate decision.THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF BEING DATA-INFORMEDThe data-informed approach to data has increased in significance in the past few years, with many experts claiming it to be the best way to handle large data sets.The benefits â€" company puts data in its context to consider the whole pictureData-informed organizations understand the limitations of data. Since the collected data is only a snapshot of the reality, decision-making shouldn’t rely solely on this data. Therefore, instead of simple focusing on the data, you have to test and question it in order to draw conclusions.You could compare the approach to other automated structures. For example, flying an airplane in today’s world is highly automated. But the importance of the pilot is still evident in many situations. The pilot can override the decisions and take control of the process.Hence, a data-informed approach adds more assessment and revision to the use of data. This opens up more ways to use it. Since you are constantly measuring and analyzing different data sets, you are enhancing the collection and the use of data continuously.Finally, data-informed decision-making understands that data is not always the   perfect information package it seems to be. As explained above, data can contain a huge bias, depending on how it was gathered. For example, the way how an interviewer asks questions in a questionnaire can have a direct impact on the results. Therefore, the data-informed approach doesnt treat data as the ultimate truth.The risk â€" outcome of data analysis depends on the analystWhilst there are many benefits to the data-informed approach, it isn’t a risk-free way to make de cisions. Perhaps the main reason some experts argue against a data-informed approach is the added human element. A data-informed approach essentially argues against fully trusting the data. However, adding human interpretation can also add a bias, moving away from the actual evidence.For example, if an analyst has a certain outcome he hopes to prove with his data analysis, he might twist and turn the data until it shows what he wants to see.THE BOTTOM LINE â€" CONCLUSIONWith the above in mind, should organizations look into adopting a data-driven or data-informed approach? Much of it depends on what type of data is available and the goals you are trying to achieve with the use of data.Dave Martin distinguishes between the two approaches by saying data-driven is the lazy approach and data-informed is a more testable approach. In essence, being data-informed allows you to interpret the data and to understand the limitations of data, while data-driven organizations just use the data as it is. In the end, whether or not you operate data-driven or data-informed depends on your resources, your goals, and the data you actually have.

Families And Families Of The 21st Century - 819 Words

Families are the basic unit of a well structured society. The way a family functions, â€Å"ensures a society survival† (Parson and Bales, p. 6). On one side of the spectrum, a person can agree that today s families have become dysfunctional or even out of touch with one another because of the perplexities in their family. This can be a decisive factor in why our society today is facing dilemmas all so frequently. This perception can emerge the idea that families is now declining. However, families today have faced tremendous amounts of changes throughout the decades which certainly resulted in eminence in families. Particularly fathers, have shifted their roles in families. Not to mention, mothers and children, are thriving in families today. The structure of families is now changing for the better. Families today can be seen as resilient because of it. Declining and resilience of families are vast components that can be applied in families of the 21st century. One can assume that families are now declining. For families to be considered declining, there has to be disincentive in the family or some hindrance apparent. It can be suggested that families have somehow drifted apart. Barbara LeBey (2005) stated â€Å"american families are drifting apart†( p. 7). LeBey also reveals that there are numerous reasons why families are drifting apart: â€Å"petty grievances to deep-seated prejudices, misunderstandings to all-out, jealousies, sibling rivalry, inheritance feuds, family businessShow MoreRelatedThe 21st Century Modern Family1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe 21st Century Modern Family The 21st Century Modern Family Let us review a global institution. The family is an institution found in every culture of society on earth. Families around the world live, love and work in uniquely different ways depending upon their cultural norms. Vissing says that over the life course every person has a family – even if it is a family of one (Vissing, 2011). The 21st century American family has been reshaped by the changes in moral family values, risingRead MoreStructural Functionalism and Conflict Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesStructural Functionalism amp; Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in allRead MoreHow do Muslim Families Transfer their Ethics and Values to Future Generations?661 Words   |  3 PagesBeing attached to family is one of the most striking features of Muslim culture. Family is the foundation of Islamic society. When an Islamic family is united it is regarded as balanced ,healthy, and promotes spritual gowth. It is commonly found that Muslim families live with their extended family members in a community promoting comfort, support and security (discover islam.com). One-way that Muslims transmit their values and ethics in the 21st century is through teachings in the home. It is theRead MoreChanges Of Female Gender As A Chinese Society921 Words   |  4 Pagesrapidly, which can be traced and analyzed through the long historical journey backing to the mid-1900s. The 21st century portrays women as powerful beings across the social, economic and even political arenas, which had not been happen before. In the Chinese society, female gender roles have become more equal with male when it comes to job, marriage, and education from mid-1900’s to the 21st century. The progress has taken place in the female and male gender roles to move with equal development in theRead MoreEssay on Marriage in the 19th century549 Words   |  3 PagesMarriage in the 19th Century Marriage is the joining of two people as husband and wives according to laws and customs. In our society today, women get married of their own free will and gain respect from their spouse. A dream of the 21st century is a story written by Winnifred Harper Cooly. It is about a young womens dream. She imagines that women in the 21st century will have a better place in the society. Ideal marriages in the 19th century were very hard to achieve and most of the timeRead MoreImportance Of Birth Control In The 21st Century1423 Words   |  6 PagesBirth control is a vital necessity in the 21st century for various reason. This paper is about taking a proactive stance for birth control, sex education and condoms, before conception mainly to promote a healthy society. It is needed more responsibly in the 21st century for a healthier society to thrive and grow at a rate that is not explosive. Birth control is not a new subject in matter compared to the 18th and 19th century methods which was r arely discussed but practiced and abstinence just wasRead More21st Century Flood Reform Act Analysis996 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the 21st Century Flood Reform Act and to provide a recommendation on whether the Senate should vote for or against it. In order to provide an informed recommendation, this paper will first present background information on the 21st Century Flood Reform Act and explain what it proposes. Following the background information, this paper will analyze arguments both in support and in opposition of the 21st Century Flood Reform Act. To conclude, this paper willRead MoreEssay about 21st Century Living716 Words   |  3 PagesThe 21st Century is just around the corner and with it will come many changes in today’s modern society. Changes occur daily, yet taken into view yearly these changes become extremely noticeable. The people of today’s society are changing everyday, and therefore so is the world. This re port will express personal beliefs on what will occur in the 21st century. Within it are examples such as, crime rates, personalities, religion, and living environments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 21st CenturyRead MoreAfrican American Women Essay602 Words   |  3 Pagesslavery and being treated as second class citizens during the Civil Rights Movement. Now as we enter the 21st century, it is time to exert our strengths at a new level. The African American womans role is to grow and prosper in business, support and be active in her community, maintain a strong family foundation, be spiritually grounded and to emend our health. Black women entering the 21st century have surpassed boundaries and developed legacies in business fields such as architecture, theatre,Read MoreCompany Analysis : The Company1054 Words   |  5 Pagesright of the baby the viewer can see into the next room which contains a bar and leather bar stools. Sitting on top of the counter are everyday items such as a laptop, a cup, and a few bowls. The house looks very modern and atypical of a 21st century American family. Above the baby’s head are the words â€Å"Not just guaranteed for life. Guaranteed for real life.† followed by a description of the paint. The description includes details such as impressive ratings and the website where viewers can find more

The book I choose to read was Delusions of Gender How Our...

The book I choose to read was Delusions of Gender: How Our Mind, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference by Cordelia Fine. There are three parts to the book: â€Å"Half-changed world†, â€Å"Half-changed minds†, Neurosexisam, and Recycling Gender. The reason I choose this book was because it dealt with gender and how in society and our mind we create the differences that are used against us. I thought that by reading it I would understand more from a psychologist’s point of view how our thought process creates what we perceive as reality, what has been placed upon gender specific things by society, and how it has affected society. In the first half of the book, â€Å"Half-changed world†, â€Å"Half-changed minds†, the author argues about how social and†¦show more content†¦Later in this section she critiques a study, which is widely cited, of the different ways babies gaze. It was a study was that was conducted when the infants were just a day and a half old. It showed that the female babies were much more likely to gaze at faces, while baby boys preferred to look at a mobile. When the study was analyzed scientists took the results as evidence of the fact that girls are more empathic than boys, who are more analytic than girls. (Fine, 112,113,114) Fine does not include any kind of research of her own but she uses this part of the book to point out the faultiness of each of the researches who use this type of study to show the divergence between boys and girls. She does, however, include information on how neurosexism is nothing new and how its roots are in the mid-19th century when the m otives behind the research were to restrict the access to higher education and the rights for women to vote. (Fine,172) In the last part of the book, Recycling Gender, Fine argues against the use of science as a justification of gender stereotypes and how that can impact our future generations in a negative way. In chapter 19 Fine talks about how â€Å"Anyone with ears can hear how adults constantly label gender with words: he, she, man, woman, boy, girl, and so on. And we do this even when we dont have to.† (Fine,210) This is how a child learns to sort themselves into a gender category. Categories are already in place before the child

Mastering Social Work Values and Ethics

Question: Describe about the Mastering Social Work Values and Ethics? Answer: Introduction Ethics is a very sensitive topic at any point in time. The term ethics become even more sensitive when it comes to career or work. There is a thin line that separates ethical practice and unethical practice, and it is up to the individual to differentiate among the two. Case study The issues of ethics can be further explained by a situation where an individual has to decide whether to keep a fully loaded gun in the car in the parking lot without giving a second thought regarding the permission of the parking lot owner. An individual is allowed to keep a gun as long as the individual has got a valid license (Thomas, 2011). No legal party, political force or law can hold the individual guilty if the person can provide a valid license of the gun in possession. However, the question arises how moral is the act when an individual is keeping a gun in the car while the owner is not aware of the fact (Akhtar, 2013). This act can be unethical as the car parking lot owner is not aware of the fact that the individual is keeping a gun in the car. Some situation of unrest may arise in the area that may lead to a raid. Provided that the individual who has kept the gun is not available at that moment, the police may catch hold of the car parking lot owner and hold him guilty regarding the possession of the gun. Hence, it is the duty of the individual to take necessary permission from the lot owner before keeping a gun in the car so that the owner does not end up in trouble (Berry, 2013). An employee might have the legal right to park the car anywhere which has a loaded gun inside it. However, the action cannot be morally justified. Provided any difficult situation arises in the area as mentioned earlier, the lot owner might get arrested due to the car in the parking lot. It will be against the ethics of the individual because the lot owner will be brought under legal prosecution due to the action of the individual (Bredeson Goree, 2012). To avoid any difficult situation, it is the duty of the employer to see that certain situation does not arise in the area by implementing certain rules and regulations. Though individually a person can possess a gun, and no other individual has a right to question the action, however, the individual cannot keep a loaded gun in the car in a public area. By implementing such a rule, the employer will be able to avoid any uninvited circumstance as well as protect the other employees from further disturbance. Stress resulting from the p ressure in the workplace is common nowadays, if the individual succumbs to the pressure and indulges in some unsocial activities as the individual has the gun in possession will invite unnecessary problem in the workplace (Das Gupta, 2010). Though a situation like that is not likely to arise, however, the employer should implement certain rules just for the safety concerns of the other employees (De George, 2010). Any situation of unrest or problems within the company should be left to the company to solve the matter. However, the legislature should get involved if the satiation goes out of hand. A company may implement various rules for the welfare of the employees and it is the duty of the employees to adhere to the rules of the organization for the safety and security of the remaining employees (Demmke Moilanen, 2012). However, the legislature cannot put an individual under prosecution for just carrying the gun with a valid license. However, in case the person is carrying an illegal gun, then the legislature has to get involved in the situation. In addition to this, if there is a tension arising from the possession of the gun among the organization then the company can take necessary help from the law to bring the situation under control (Denzin, 2013). On the other hand, the company might allow the individual to keep the gun, though such an action is not necessary by the part of the organization but the every organization may have their rules and regulations. The organization may justify the decision by citing that there can be problems within the organization where the possession of the gun with an employee might help, however, it is the duty of the company itself to handle such serious situation other than depending on some employees weapon (Gavai, 2010). It is the duty of the company to be well equipped so that such a situation does not arise at all. In addition to this, the more important duty of the company is to control the employees and the environment of the organization so that such a situation never arises in the workplace. While seen from another point of view, the decision of the company to let the employee keep the gun might be unethical; from the companys part as it will violate the rights of the other employees (Shaw , 2011). When an organization employs an individual, it becomes the duty of the organization to look after the safety and security of the employees. Provided that the individual who has a gun might go might through a tensed situation and uses the gun either on himself or on any other employee then the owner of the organization will be charged for such a decision along with the individual who will be guilty of such a gruesome action (Murthy, 2010). Conclusion Thus, it can be said that the differentiation between ethical and unethical is a difficult issue. It is up to the organization to decide what is ethical and what is not by implementing certain rules and regulations in the organization. Though it is not illegal to keep a gun when an individual possesses a valid license, however, it is the duty of the organization to look after the safety and security of the employees and introduced rules and regulations to provide the employees a healthy environment to work in. References Akhtar, F. (2013). Mastering Social Work Values And Ethics. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Berry, P. (2013). Fostering spirituality in the workplace. New York: Business Expert Press. Bowie, N., Schneider, M. (2011). Business ethics for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Bredeson, D., Goree, K. (2012). Ethics in the workplace. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Das Gupta, A. (2010). Ethics, business and society. Los Angeles: Response Books. De George, R. (2010). Business ethics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Demmke, C., Moilanen, T. (2012). Effectiveness of public-service ethics and good governance in the central administration of the EU-27. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Denzin, N. (2013). 40th anniversary of studies in symbolic interaction. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Gavai, A. (2010). Business ethics. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Murthy, C. (2010). Business ethics. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Shaw, W. (2011). Business ethics. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Thomas, R. (2011). Business ethics. Bury St. Edmunds: Ethics International for Centre for Business and Public Sector Ethics.

Polaroid Market Analysis Essay Example

Polaroid Market Analysis Paper Market Analysis 1-People – Target market Polaroid digital-imaging products are targeted to mostly middle and upper income bracket consumers, mostly young adults regardless of age or cultural background that invest in these product for personal use. They are also geared to attract photojournalist, professional photographers and business such as; real estates and advertising agencies. 2-Product: Digital-imaging products market exploded in 1994 and the demand was rapidly expanding to include various models of individual product. Some digital-imaging include, digital camera where photos can be stored on a hard disk and process and retrieve through computers and software, the film camera and scanner which comprise of a magnetic disk that is use to print photos from a computer. There is also the video camera and frame grabber that works with a compact flash, memory stick and magnetic diskette which allows photos to be transmitted via internet, in addition, this product has an optical disk to show images through projectors. We will write a custom essay sample on Polaroid Market Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Polaroid Market Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Polaroid Market Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the product that seemed to attract more attention and demand is the digital-camera also refers to as the filmless camera. Although Polaroid had begun investing in research and development in digital-imaging in the 80s, it wasn’t until early 1990s that their first product called Helios Medical Imaging entered the market but started fading by 1996 mainly due to poor marketing strategies. With new entrants by competitors, such as: Kodak and Fuji, Polaroid was forced to reinvent its marketing strategies to maintain its presents in the digital-imaging market. PRODUCT POSITING Polaroid has always been successful in positioning its products in the market due to the following strategies: Continuous investment in Research and Development thereby maintaining awareness of new needs and behavior of its customers. Invest in recruiting professional staff whenever a new product is identified. Polaroid has been a household name for decades. A very innovative company, that always seeks to develop new electronic products to meet the needs of the population. FIVE PRODUCT LEVELS These are as follows: Core – Manufacture digital-imaging cameras to meet the needs of target customers. Basic Provide additional capability to store photos on hard disk to be viewed on computer. Expected As the core and basic levels became routine products offered by all digital-imaging companies, customers begin to expect more extended services. For instance, the increase in storage memory of digital camera, the production of film camera and scanner with magnetic disk to enable photo-printing to printers. Augmented – A level where competitors become an issue, therefore, this is where the Polaroid procure to enhance the quality of current product and procure new and unique ones to offer customers. For example, video camera and frame grabber with memory sticks and optical disk to enable photo sharing via internet and projectors. Potential – In the near future, Polaroid will need to find solution to difficulties facing the digital-imaging market, such as; making it more user friendly digital cameras and improving on the quality of photo-printing. PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION Polaroid has been in the electronic manufacturing business since 1937 and enjoyed tremendous success for decades making brand positioning easily among customers. Polaroid is equipped with competent and experienced electronic imaging groups to develop lasting and reliable products. Capacity to develop unique product, such as, the Helios Medical Imaging, a revolutionary chemical-free, dry imaging system for radiology, which intended to replace X-ray machines. Polaroid is famous for its technological strength nationally and internationally. Invest in mass-market retailers such as Wal-Mart and Kmart, thereby steering from direct competition with other competitors who use specialized stores to sell their products. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE Polaroid digital-imaging products entered the Decline Product Life Cycle during late 1996 and early 1997, where sales dropping rapidly which led to an additional overall decline in profit and market share. Efforts to revive its image in this rapidly growing and highly competitive market proved futile. 3-PRICE PRICE POSITIONING The digital-imaging marketplace currently has considerable competition in providing various products to the target population, but there are opportunities to promote broader competition by lower prices and higher quality services. This is the approach adopted by Polaroid in positioning price whenever possible. PRICING STRUCTURE In setting on new products Polaroid took into consideration prices currently offered by competitors while ensuring that the company maintains its major quantitative goal of profit maximization. An affordable price offered to customers would lead to increased sales and hence increased cash flow. PRICING METHOD AND ACTUAL PRICE Pricing method is based on uniqueness of product. If similar product is unavailable on the market, pricing is set based on product cost and consumer perception of value.   Otherwise, pricing is set taking into account the current market price offered by major competitors for similar product and pixel (image size). For instance, the PCD-2000/40 with 1,200 x 1,600 pixels digital camera was priced at $3,700 in 1996, a relatively good price compared to similar products from other companies. 4-DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL CHANNEL STRUCTURING Polaroid distribution channel is at O level, where the products come from its warehouse and shipped to the retailers, they go through a packaging process and then delivered to the relevant distributors on a timely manner. PRODUCT FLOW Physical Flow- All products move from the warehouse to retail distributors, such as Wal-Mart, Kmart, food stores and pharmacies among others. Title Flow – Once the product is bought it becomes the property of the buyer. Payment Flow – Once retailers received payment from customers, the agreed amount after commission is deducted and sent to Polaroid through their bank. Information Flow – Initial information on the products flows from Polaroid to target customers via advertisements or sponsored promotional events. Promotion Flow The demand for a particular product is created by the customer due to his/her needs but it is management of Polaroid that decide if, how and when to make such product available to the market. In most cases, the company’s decision is highly influenced by the status of the market pertaining to the products. 5-PROMOTION Polaroid invests mainly in advertisement through promotional magazines on electronics, and direct marketing campaign targeting customers while they shop at the retail stores that carry their products. Public relations promotional tools via internet/ websites, sponsored trade shows are also used in marketing their products. Personal sales flyers/ letters sent directing to potential customers are not common with Polaroid. Conclusion: Critical Issues: Polaroid’s failure in the digital-imaging was mainly due to its inability to compete with strong competitors, like Kodak, Fuji, Sony and Casio, who are new entrants to the market and continue to be profitable in the industry. Need to make their products and marketing positioning clearer nd be more market segment focus. There is notable lack of effective leadership within the various key sections of the company, especially in the customer service area. Financial situation of the company is alarming and bankruptcy is probable if management does not act immediately. Recommendations: Need to create three main working groups/ task force: Create a team comprising of key managers as a ‘think group’, to explore new ideas and product suitable for the market, and to focus more on ways to increase revenue rather than cost-cutting. For example, ensure payroll expenses do not exceed revenue. Develop a competent marketing team to focus exclusively on current and potential competitors and developing strategies to stay ahead in the industry. Enhance customer service team by offering some incentives in order to achieve increased marketing awareness and loyalty. This team needs to constantly monitor customers’ satisfaction. Need to partnership with other companies, such as; internet companies, to enhance its goals and objectives.

Guide to Using ACT Practice Tests 20 Hour Prep

Guide to Using ACT Practice Tests 20 Hour Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you only have a short time left to study for the ACT, using official practice tests can help you raise your scores quickly. In this article, I'll take you through a 20-hour ACT prep plan thatuses official practice tests to hone your skills on the test. This approach willshow youexactly what you can expect on test day and helpyou to identify and address the most pressing weaknesses in your test-taking strategy. Below, I've broken down the most effective way to get the swiftly get the greatest benefitfrompracticing with official ACTs, as well as explained the benefits and drawbacks of this type of prep program. Why Are ACT Practice Tests Good for Short Term Prep? Practice tests are the best study tools for students who are less familiar with standardized tests and have limited time to prepare.You will experience the largest point gains in the shortest time through the use of practice tests.Familiarity with the overall test format and time constraints will help students who are new to the ACT improve their scores more dramatically than practicing individual questions in isolation. Understanding and fixing your mistakes on practice tests is the number one way to improve your scores.If you can be honest with yourself about what you’re missing and take steps to counteract your most costly errors, you’ll be well on your way to a great ACT score. How to Prep for the ACT in 20 Hours Using Practice Tests The following is a basic outline of how you can use 20 hours and three official practice tests to prepare yourself for the ACT. You can always spend more or less time reviewing your practice test results depending on how much time you have before the real test! Step 1: Take an Initial Practice Test (4 Hours) You should take an official ACT practice test right off the bat so you can figure out your score level and main weaknesses.Make sure that you use the same time constraints as the real test, and set yourself up in a distraction-free environment with the appropriate supplies.Don’t take the test on a computer; it won’t be the same experience as a paper-based test. You should always print out practice tests!See this article for more information on how to simulate realistic testing conditions. Be prepared with plenty of sharpened pencils that havenice robust erasers. Look at them. Beautiful. Step 2: Review Your Mistakes (4 Hours) Now for the hard part - understanding your mistakes on the practice test and fixing them!You don’t have that much time, so you won’t be able to go super in-depth with what you’re missing, but there are lots of quick fixes you can implement that will result in significant point gains.Notice which sections gave you the most trouble. Your mistakes might fall into a few different categories.Here are some issues that students commonly run into on the ACT and strategies dealing with them: Time Management Problems If you couldn’t finish a section of the test, you have problems with time management.These issues are common for students who are new to the ACT, and can usually be resolved through strategy changes. Since the ACT is a fairly predictable test, you can make a plan in advance to tackle your time problems. As an overall strategy, you should learn to skip questions that you spend more than 30 seconds trying to figure out.Lingering on difficult questions can be very damaging to your scores.If you spend too much time on hard questions early on in a section, you may miss easier questions at the end and sacrifice points. It’s very common for students to run out of time on the Reading section of the ACT because the passages are so long.If this is the case for you, you might try changing your reading strategy.Skimming or reading the questions first rather than reading the passage closely can save a lot of time.Read this article for more information on passage reading strategies. Since the ACT always includes passages in the same topic order, you can also try reading the passage in the topic area where you feel most confident first.For example, the natural sciences passage is always last, but you could skip right to it and do those questions first if science is a strength of yours.This way, you won’t run out of time before you get to the types of questions that are easier for you. If the science section is giving you trouble, you might try reading the conflicting viewpoints passage last.This passage often ruins people’s pace on the science section because it involves more reading and takes up more time than the other data-driven passages.If you save it for last, you won’t be forced to rush on other parts of the Science section that might be easier for you. You can also read our other articles for more tips on how to avoid running out of timeon the ACT. This will be an accurate depiction of you taking the ACT once you overcome your time problems. Careless Mistakes If you find that careless mistakes are an issue for you, there are a couple of steps you can take to get a better handle on them.A careless mistake is a mistake that happened because you didn’t read carefully enough or were rushing through the question.You should have known the answer, but you answered incorrectly anyways. To reduce instances of careless mistakes, you should always double-check your answers at the end of each section.You should also try to read more carefully and avoid rushing.On the Math section, you can underline what the problem wants you to solve for so that you don’t get lost in your calculations.You can also underline key words in Reading and Science questions to keep yourself on track. Lack of Content Knowledge Did you notice that you struggled in a particular content area on the practice test? Since you only have four hours to review your mistakes, you may not be able to fix your content weaknesses completely.That being said, small issues with content can be fixed with minimal study time. Since the ACT doesn’t give you math formulas, it will be useful for you to memorize any formulas you forgot that may have caused you to lose points.You can also brush up on some grammar rules if you had issues on the English section.If there’s a very large area of knowledge that you’re missing, don’t try to learn all of it now. Focus on more superficial issues that will allow you to gain back the most points in the shortest amount of time. Don't break out the heavy duty study materials for your gaps in content knowledge if you only have 20 hours. Zero in on the easy fixes. Step 3: Repeat Steps 1 and 2 (8 Hours) After you’ve evaluated your mistakes on the first practice test and developed a new strategy, you should take a second test to see where you stand.Then, you can repeat the process of analyzing and fixing your mistakes.If you find that you’ve improved significantly, that’s great! You may be making different mistakes now, so reassess your strengths and weaknesses and work on adapting your strategy.If you haven’t improved, you should look at how you reacted to your mistakes on the previous test. Try working with alternate strategies to combat your weaknesses. Step 4: Take a Final Practice Test (4 Hours) After the second round of testing and evaluation, you should take one last practice test before the real ACT.Make sure you use all the strategies you came up with in your review sessions. The extra practice will help to ensure that your performance on the real test is consistent with your current practice test results. Total Time: 20 hours! Yes! You did it! Will 20 Hours Be Enough Study Time for You? You can certainly improve your ACT scores in twenty hours, but for students who need to make significant changes of more than 2 or 3 points it may not be ideal.For example, if you hope to improve your scores by 6 points, 80 hours might be a more realistic estimate of how much study time you need to reach your goal. See this article on how long you should study for the ACT to get a better idea of how to plan out your time.If you’re not sure of your goals yet, read about how to find your target score. Even if you plan on studying for a longer period, going through the 20 hour study plan can be a helpful way to assess your problems and get in some good practice.You can spend more time in the mistake evaluation and strategy revision phase if you plan on studying for longer than 20 hours.You might decide to take an extra practice test or two as well so that you can keep revising your strategies to keep pace with your point improvements.To learn more about why studying for the ACT is worthwhile and how it will help you in the future, read some of our free guides and other resources! What's Next? Are you worried about your low ACT scores? Learn more about some of the best ACT strategies for low scorers who are hoping to improve! Procrastination when prepping for standardized tests is a common problem. Find out how you can beat it! If you're looking for basic tips to improve your ACT scores quickly, read about these 15 mini-strategies that can make a big difference. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points?We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Largest Cities in the World

Largest Cities in the World The 9th edition of the National Geographic Atlas of the World, published in 2011, estimated the urban area population of the worlds largest cities, those with a population above 10 million people, which they termed megacities. The population estimates for the worlds largest cities below are based on population estimates from 2007. Population numbers for the worlds largest cities are rounded since they are incredibly difficult to determine precisely; millions within most megacities live in poverty in shantytowns or other areas where accurate census taking is near impossible. The following eighteen largest cities in the world are all those with a population of 11 million or more, based on the National Geographic atlas data. 1. Tokyo, Japan - 35.7 million 2. Mexico City, Mexico - 19 million (tie) 2. Mumbai, India - 19 million (tie) 2. New York City, United States - 19 million (tie) 5. Sao Paulo, Brazil - 18.8 million 6. Delhi, India - 15.9 million 7. Shanghai, China - 15 million 8. Kolkata, India - 14.8 million 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 13.5 million 10. Jakarta, Indonesia - 13.2 million 11. Los Angeles, United States - 12.5 million 12. Buenos Aires, Argentina - 12.3 million 13. Karachi, Pakistan - 12.1 million 14. Cairo, Egypt - 11.9 million 15. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 11.7 million 16. Osaka-Kobe, Japan - 11.3 million 17. Manila, Philippines - 11.1 million (tie) 17. Beijing, China - 11.1 million (tie) Additional lists of population estimates for the largest cities in the world can be found in my Largest Cities of the World collection of lists.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Leadership - Essay Example Then there are those who believe that these two concepts are two different extremes, they believe that a good manager can never become a productive leader. Certain individuals even hold the view that both concepts operate together and a manager can play a leaders role while being in a management position. An organization comprising of teams and groups require the assistance of both leaders and managers to operate successfully. Several similarities may exist within the roles of the managers and the leaders, and several differences that separate both the positions even exist. This writing will focus on the differences between the two roles while accepting the fact that one single individual can play both roles at the same time. Body Leadership is referred to as a process in which an individual has the task of influencing a team of individuals with the aim of achieving common goals (MANNING, 2003, p.5). This means that leadership is firstly a process and it involves a sub process called influencing and cannot occur without the availability of a group and aims at attaining goals. These components of the definition of leadership are available in almost every theory and definition related to leadership. A leader is supposed to have several characteristics, some of the most important characteristics a leader should have in order to be successful includes: skills to coach others, confidence in one self and others, he should be do as he say or in other words there should be consistency between what he preach and what he does, he should have creative skills and should have an eye for creativity to acknowledge the creativity shown by others (MANNING, 2003, p.364). Some other skills that a leader require is emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence is referred to as the ability to figure out the emotional issues that one is suffering and then helping them to solve those issues. A leader should have a strong vision of the future and should be able to inspire others thr ough the vision and should be motivated towards the long term achievements of the organization. He should be able to not only respond to the needs of his/her team members at the team level, he should address their issues at the individual level as well. A leader should be high in self esteem and should view him positively, he should stand for trust and integrity and pass on the same message to his/her followers. He should have adopted or learned technical skills in order to assist team members when ever required, he/she should have the ability to not only delegate responsibility, he should even delegate authority so followers can accomplish their task in the best manner and he should always provide feedback to employees to keep them motivated. These are some of the characteristics and skills of a leader, these skills and characteristics do overlap with the skills and abilities of a manger, still there is tremendous amount of difference between these two occupations. Several definiti ons that differentiate leadership from management and managers are available. This does not necessarily means that both these positions cannot be handled by one single individual. One individual has the ability to carry out the responsibilities of a leader as well as a manager. Management is defined as a body that has the power to direct individuals within an organization by administering, supervising these individuals. Both leadership and management have various aspects in common. The principle job of both the responsibilities includes influencing others within an organization, assisting those who are working with them and for them in an

Strategic HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Strategic HRM - Essay Example een the purpose of human resources to the strategic objectives in an organization aiming to improve and sustain the organization’s performance (Gratton et al 1999, p. 28). Strategic human resource management works on an ideology that management of human resource of an organization depends on the organization developing a unique culture of its own, distinct from other cultures present in the industry under its jurisdiction. To this essence, it requires an organization to develop consistent policies and programs or strategies aligned well for the achievement of its strategic objectives. The chief aim of every organization is to position itself as the best among other firms – building a competitive advantage. Among the several perspectives of building a competitive advantage in business environment, resource-based view of human resource management looks promising to many organizations perhaps due to its centralization on the internal strength of the organization (Radcliffe, 2005, p. 51). The objective of this essay is to evaluate how the adoption of resource-based view (RBV) model of strategic management can lead to achievement of competitive advantage of a business and the shortcomings of this model to a business organization. To improve an organization’s performance strategic human resource management (SHRM) acts as a supervision practice that connects the organizational role of human resource to the managerial predetermined objectives. The improved performance of an organization will bring its competitive advantage in the line of business operation. There are different perspectives of strategic human resource management (Radcliffe, 2005, p. 52). . For example, universalistic perspective, contingency perspective and the resource based perspective. All of these perspectives describe how merging the strategic objectives of a business to the administrative functions can lead to organizations competitive advantage. The proponents of universalistic

Comparing Fate in Virgils Aeneid and Homers Iliad :: comparison compare contrast essays

Fate in Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad, a picture of the supernatural and its workings was created.   In both works, there is a concept of a fixed order of events which is called fate.   Fate involves two parts.   First, there are laws that govern certain parts of mens' lives, such as human mortality and an afterlife.   Second, fate deals with the inevitable outcome of certain events, outcomes that cannot be changed by men or gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Homer and Virgil allude to the existence of unchangeable laws, one of which is the mortality of human beings.   This can be seen by the fact that character after character dies during war.   In Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas journeys to Hades to visit his father.   During his stay, he talks to a large number of the warriors that have died in the Trojan War.   The death of these warriors shows the mortality of human beings (Forman 2015).   Another unchangeable law is the period of limbo that is said to await the souls of the unburied after death. Homer indicates this law by writing of Patroklos' spirit's return to remind Achilles that, until he has been properly buried, he must wander the earth. These events show Virgil's and Homer's belief in laws that cannot be changed (Strong 62).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second element of Fate deals with the unalterable predestined occurrence of certain events.   One example of such an event is the fall of Troy. According to Homer, the destruction of Troy was foretold in Hekuba's dream that her son, Paris, would be the cause.   This prophecy was confirmed by a seer. Although Hekuba tried to avert the disaster by attempting to have Paris killed, fate overcame and Troy was destroyed as a result of Paris' judgment concerning the golden apple of discord (Strong 15-16).   Virgil also writes about a similar situation when Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas with his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, on Olympus, Venus, the mother of Aeneas, berates Jupiter for allowing her son to be persecuted in such a manner.   Jupiter calms her and reminds her of the many prophecies concerning her son and his progeny: how he will found the city of Lavinium in Latium and win a great war; how his son

Who I am

As I scroll through the unknown hallways of high school for the first time, anxious and worried of the unexpected I was about to anticipate, my palms start the tip of shaking heavily and sweating uncontrollably. Thinking to It, I knew It was a start, a new start of life as a beginning, new chapter of not just believing in finding myself, challenging more to my limitations, setting high bars, letting myself free to the world of judgments and doubts of others around me, and showing my heart to the world in the creation I knew was forming â€Å"my future† already.As in the future I knew would be he outcome of the things that old chosen to follow or present of today, I knew I would want to become and be the things that I desired or worked for. I was the kind of average teenager that was very practical and simple to my own age, as they describe it. In someone who was Just rousing around life and just living to the very last purpose, but that wasn't the person I wanted to be identif ied as.I was the kind of grown girl that was more prone than to Just being there for living, I was living it to the very Max of how I wanted to create an life that I took advantage of shaping It successfully, happily, and valued more than Just to myself. I am the kind of person who takes a stand in my life and to the opponents of speaking up for what I believe in strongly in whatever take in I have to, whether for the sake of my good, to speak out, or against an disagreement or for someone of any kind who struggles without an example of following, or helped along the way.I am the girl who finds more than an example of following someone In their steps to accomplish, like my mom, and using a motivation and dedication towards life of my own to fully provide the example to the environment and people around of everything I do or am. I am the girl who desires a accomplishment and long and short term goal, and challenge to be overcome and expected a lesson or outcome out of it to allow mys elf to keep improving whether I was defeated by those or won them, I would still keep pressuring myself to doing more each day.I am the girl that fully improves myself to keep understanding and lack of communicating skills, even for the times that many might not understand me in a way, but I am different. Deferent in a sense that nobody will be completely be eke the way I was or Is created today, in the sense of my doing, humor, personality, thinking, writing/ clothing style, or especially the person I made it to be remembered But before beginning.. I was Borneo in a family of strict, traditional, hard workers from Tray Blah, Vietnam. I was raised on books and the Asian doctrine that education Is the only way to success.Shortly being as an elite kid with so much fun filled childhood, life as I knew was going to drastically change. I started school as soon as I arrived at the beginning of second grade. I didn't know any English, I had no friends, and I was constantly picked on for th e way I dressed and talked. I could not complete any of my schoolwork because I didn't understand anything but aside that, my parents got divorced. I was so ashamed of the life I was living with. Worse, I was lonely and overwhelmed, and I felt so utterly lost.I knew In the example that my dad, a new life to provide her children, new house, and transportation, but she made it happen. Meanwhile at home my mom was pushing me to learn English, bringing mom worksheets and books to help me. My shame became my source of motivation, forcing me to work and relearn the basics until I mastered the language. As I began to grasp the mechanics of English, I made friends and my school life greatly improved. With my moms' encouragement and my own perseverance, within a year, by the end of third grade, I was getting straight As and even surpassing many of my classmates.From that day on, the language barrier became nonexistent. Looking back now, I fully appreciate everything that my mom did for me th ose first few months. While I was struggling to learn a language and to fit in, my mom was working even harder to learn a new lifestyle of her past struggle and to assimilate to a country whose values and culture are so drastically different from her own in which she didn't know how to handle individually living out alone. For her, her entire live were in Vietnam. She had grown up in that land, established successful career, and made a name for herself.In moving on to a new beginning, she gave all that up in the hopes that I, and my brother would have a chance at a better life. In which my mom sacrificed so much for me and my brother, she continued to put aside her own interests and wants, to provide for the two of us. She allowed me to live the life of comfort that I do today. From my mom, I have learned the meaning of hard work, integrity, and compassion. I truly believe that my drive, determination, and dedication in everything I do come from my mom, because I see it in her every single day. I respect my mom tremendously and I work hard to become successful to repay her for all she done.Of course, our relationship is not perfect. I am always frustrated and angry with her unreasonably high expectations, endless comparisons, and overbearing protectiveness. However, I have learned to fuel that anger into motivation to try harder and prove to her that I am good enough. Today, I work for my dreams, to provide for myself as an independent woman, and to travel the world and get lost in the chaos of busy cities. I work to give back to my family, to my friends, to my community around me, of all which have made me the person I am. I want to leave my mark on this world, to make a name for myself, and to become a somebody.

Analysis Of Created Equal By Milton Friedman - 954 Words

In the article â€Å"Created Equal,† Milton Friedman argues that it is important for us to recognize how much we benefit from â€Å"nature’s unfairness†. He goes into greater detail how an elite fighter such as Muhammad Ali makes millions of dollars every time he fights, but the people who watch his fights in return receive entertainment. Friedman used this example as one of the benefits of nature’s unfairness but other than an example he is trying to say that some people work harder than others and that they should be rewarded more than others. Friedman also considered how luck and chance plays a role and the way decisions made could either benefit or work against a person, he mentioned that people with an equal amount of chips can be big winners†¦show more content†¦Another factor could be that if I have past job experience that would surely be a critical factor of landing a job that not many people possess, it may be unfair to the people that d id not get hired because of the absence of past job experience but the benefit in return would be a more experienced employee thus making Walmart more money. As Friedman mentioned before, Muhammad Ali makes millions of dollars every time he fights, but it isn’t fair for people that pay to watch his fights, but in return receive entertainment and possibly money for the people that bet on him. What Friedman is saying that there is an equilibrium that takes place which is the â€Å"abstract ideal of equality† mentioned before, it sure is unfair how Muhammad Ali makes more in a night than people in a year but he made amazing feats in history, entertained, and inspired many people that benefitted from his hardwork and determination. Along with advantages Friedman included luck, chance, and decision making plays a role in the benefit of unfairness. Every year people make a decision on which sports team to bet money on that will compete to win a championship or title. There are contingencies that can sway the results of a championship and the winning bet on a team, one is that the best player in the team would not be able to play due to an injury and that would significantly lower the odds of that team winning and every personShow MoreRelatedEssay The Economic Theories of Milton Friedman795 Words   |  4 PagesThe Economic Theories of Milton Friedman Milton Friedman, like so many great life stories, was the product of a very tough childhood. He was son to a couple of poor immigrants, born on 31 July 1912, in New York, America. At the age of fifteen, Friedmans father died. Despite this, he won a scholarship to both Rutgers University and the University of Chicago, where he achieved a Bachelor of the Arts degree in economics. The very next year he received an MA at Chicago University. He then workedRead MoreMilton Friedman789 Words   |  4 PagesMilton Friedman Milton Friedman, like so many great life stories, was the subject of a very tough childhood. He was son to a couple of poor immigrants, born on 31 July 1912, in New York, America. At the age of fifteen, Friedmans father died. Despite this, he won a scholarship to both Rutgers University and the University of Chicago, where he achieved a Bachelor of the Arts degree in economics. The very next year he received an MA at Chicago University. He then worked for the National BureauRead MoreThe Contrasting Views of Milton Friedman and Ralph Nader on Corporate Social Responsibility2452 Words   |  10 Pagesresponsibilities. Conservative economists, such as Milton Friedman, claim that business is most responsible when it makes profit efficiently, not when it misapplies its energy on social projects, where as in contrast, consumer activists, such as Ralph Nader, spell out responsibilities that include corporate contribution to the enhancement to the social well being. In this paper, I will be discussing the fundamental idea behind the views of Milton Friedman and Ralph Nader towards Corporate SocialRead MoreEssay On Demand Of Money1097 Words   |  5 Pages Expected Cost =iM+Ï (M,ÏÆ')q. [6] The optimal number of withdrawals for precautionary purposes is achieved when the marginal benefit from the increased liquidity is equal to the marginal cost of an individual. Evidently, the optimal amount of precautionary balance will be linked to the rate of interest because of the relationship between the marginal cost of withdrawal and interest forgone, i, as shown in the Figure 2 . Ultimately the link is establishedRead MoreJohn Maynard Keynes : Multiplier Effect1603 Words   |  7 Pagestook to get out of the Great Depression. Not only did this work introduce importance concepts of the consumption function, the marginal efficiency of capital, the principle of effective demand and liquidity preference, but it also introduced Keynes’ analysis of the multiplier (The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.). Although Keynes passed away in 1946, he is considered arguably the most influential economist of the 20th century and event today we continue to see some econ omic ideasRead MoreAdam Smith s Theory Of Capitalism And Free Market2445 Words   |  10 Pagesnew idea after Keynes theory to the American government and his monetary theory shaped the policies that the united States have today. Smith, Marx, Keynes and Friedman all shaped economics to the branch of education it is today and were all revolutionary at some point in history. Adam Smith and Marx’s ideas mostly oppose each other and Friedman and Keynes’s theories opposed one another as well. Though there were huge differences, there still are some similarities to their economic viewpoints. AdamRead MoreThe Next Economy And America s Future Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesThe following memorandum is a direct response to Robert Reich’s book Aftershock: The Next Economy and America’s Future (2013). It includes an overview of Reich’s diagnosis of the economic issues facing America, as well as relevant analysis for consideration by the President and Congress. The following text considers a potential prescription for the issue of income equality and a prediction regarding the potential action or inaction of the United States government on these issues. 1. Diagnosis AccordingRead MoreThe Quantity Theory Of Money7121 Words   |  29 Pagesmechanical, where as the Cash Balance approach is more realistic as it is behavioral in nature which is built around the demand function for money. As to the analytical technique, the Cash Balance approach fits in easily with the general demand-supply analysis as applied to the money market. This feature is not available in the Transaction approach. The Cash Balance approach is wider and more comprehensive as it takes into account the income level as an important determinant of the price level. The TransactionRead MoreUnemployment And The Rate Of Inflation1673 Words   |  7 Pages deceasing gradually and staying basically consistent for a period too. However instability returns as expected when the recession with fluctuations becoming apparent again with the UK obtaining the highest again. Using a scatter plot I have created a third graph to describe the relationship between the inflation and unemployment for the UK to see if there is any correlation and if so how strong. It shows a negative correlation between the two factors implying that when the UK experiences a highRead MoreThe Corporation - Ethical Analysis2751 Words   |  12 Pagestake responsibility for ones actions and superficial relations with others. Modern day corporations display every one of the previously listed characteristics. Is it right that an institution, whose power now rivals that of the State that once created it to seek the better welfare of its citizens, display the psychological traits of a dangerous personality disorder? Many say no: there is a rising discomfort with the corporation and its pervasion into every sphere of human life and it is this uneasiness

Definition and Examples of Descriptive Grammar

The term descriptive grammar refers to an objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. Its an examination of how a language is actually being used, in writing and in speech. Linguists who specialize in descriptive grammar examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In that respect, the adjective descriptive is a bit misleading as descriptive grammar provides an analysis and explanation of a languages grammar, not simply a description of it. How Experts Define Descriptive Grammar Descriptive grammars  do not give advice: They detail the ways in which  native speakers  use their language. A descriptive grammar is a survey of a language. For any living language, a descriptive grammar from one century will differ from a descriptive grammar of the next century because the language will have changed.—From In An Introduction to Language by Kirk Hazen Descriptive grammar is the basis for  dictionaries, which record changes in  vocabulary  and  usage, and for the field of  linguistics, which aims at describing languages and investigating the nature of language.—From Bad Language by Edwin L. Battistella Contrasting Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar Descriptive grammar is more a study in the why and how of language, while prescriptive  grammar deals with the strict rules of right and wrong required for language to be considered grammatically correct.  Prescriptive grammarians—such as most editors of nonfiction and teachers—do their darndest to enforce the rules of â€Å"correct† and â€Å"incorrect† usage. Says author Donald G. Ellis, All languages adhere to syntactical rules of one sort or another, but the rigidity of these rules is greater in some languages. It is very important to distinguish between the syntactical rules that govern a language and the rules that a culture imposes on its language. He explains that this is the distinction between descriptive and prescriptive grammar. Descriptive grammars are essentially scientific theories that attempt to explain how language works. Ellis admits that human beings were using language in a variety of forms long before there were linguists using descriptive grammar around to formulate any rules about how or why they were speaking as they did. On the other hand, he likens prescriptive grammarians to the stereotypical uptight high school English teachers who prescribe, like medicine for what ails you, how you ought to speak.   Examples of Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar To illustrate the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar, lets look at the sentence: I aint going nowhere. Now, to a descriptive grammarian, theres nothing wrong with the sentence because its being spoken by someone who is using the language to construct a phrase that has meaning for someone else who speaks the same language. To a prescriptive grammarian, however, that sentence is a virtual house of horrors. First, it contains the word aint, which strictly speaking (and we must be strict if were prescriptive) is slang. So, although youll find aint in the dictionary, as the adage says, Aint aint a word. The sentence also contains a double negative (aint and nowhere) which just compounds the atrocity. Simply having the word  aint  in the dictionary is a further illustration of the difference between the two types of grammar. Descriptive grammar notes the words use in the language, pronunciation, meaning, and even etymology—without judgment, but in prescriptive grammar, the use of aint is just plain wrong—especially in formal speaking or writing. Would a descriptive grammarian ever say something was ungrammatical? Yes. If someone utters a sentence using words or phrases or construction that as a native speaker they would never even think of putting together. For instance, a native English speaker wouldnt start a sentence with two query words—as in, Who where are you going?—because the result would be unintelligible as well as ungrammatical. Its one case in which the descriptive and prescriptive grammarians would actually agree. Sources Hazen, Kirk. An Introduction to Language. John Wiley, 2015Battistella, Edwin L. Bad Language: Are Some Words Better than Others? Oxford University Press,  Aug 25, 2005Ellis, Donald G. From Language to Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999

Effects of Text Messaging Among Teens - 3461 Words

Effects of Text Messaging Among Teenagers Introduction How often do/did you use your cellphone/smartphone as a teen? When I was a teen, I received my first cellphone at the age of 15. I thought personally this was the best invention ever created as a young teen and with that, I soon found out that I just entered a whole new social world with these new technology devices. I entered a generation that would be called the Tech-Generation filled with cellphones/smartphones and social media. I quickly discovered the texting function with my cellphone and started to send texts daily to my friends. My cellphone became a necessity for me; if I did not have my cellphone, I would freak out. In addition, I started to replace phone calls and†¦show more content†¦Cell phones have been engineered over the past years to accommodate the demand of texting, such as offering a full 1QWERTY keyboard (QWERTY is the acronym that commonly describes today’s standard keyboard layout on English-language computers), and many cell phone carriers offe r plans that contain unlimited texting. An example of one of this cellphones/smartphone would be the ever popular IPhone, which holds functions that enables the users to be able to call/text/email and even use special apps that give direct access to the internet or a social networking site. According to Lenhart, 77% of adults and 71% of teenagers owned a cell phone and 38% of those teenagers (12-17 years old) used their phones to text daily (30). A year later, the same survey was administered with results increasing to 54% who text daily (30). The same survey was again administered from the Pew Research Center by Lenhart in 2012 with the results increasing to 84% of Americans ages 12 and up owning a cell phone and 63% of teenagers saying they exchange text messages daily (2). The problem is texting is giving teenagers the option to avoid face-to-face interactions and causing teens to lose important social skills. Fraser J.M. Reid, (Associate Head at the Centre for Thinking and Lang uage, School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK), and Donna J. Reid, (PhD Student, at the CentreShow MoreRelated How Is Text Messaging Affecting Teen Literacy and Other Aspects of their Life700 Words   |  3 Pages Almost a generation of teens have access to a phone with text messages. They spend so much time shorting words, they lose the ability to be literate. Teenagers today are more worried about their phones, in school or out of school, causing them to drop their grades and get them in lots of trouble. The telephone was invented in 1870 by Gray and Bell, who then battled over the true inventor of the telephone, which Bell won. Bell then began experimenting with electrical signs, which brought theRead MoreThe Effects of Text Messaging on Teen Literacy783 Words   |  4 PagesText messaging can affect a person’s social skills, writing skills, driving skills. The money that people spend on phones and texting can cause financial hardship. Text messaging has begun to have a detrimental effect on people’s writing skills. They use inventive spelling and abbreviations. As most teenagers get used to short texting, some of their grades dropped to the spelling errors they make. So many teens get used to wing abbreviation that they write that way. Teenager’s writing skills haveRead MoreText Messaging’s Effects on Our Society Essays1345 Words   |  6 PagesWhile text messaging has enabled us to have instant communication, it has impaired our society’s abi lity to communicate verbally, can potentially put users at risk, and allows users to exploit themselves and others in the touch of a button. Text messaging is â€Å"a form of wireless communication where users send or receive short, digital messages electronically† (Galloway-Shoemaker). Over the years, texting has developed into an exceedingly popular trend that the majority of Americans owning cellularRead MoreEdrick C. Loving . Ms. Massey . English. 4/20/2017 . Teens1340 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 4/20/2017 TEENS TEXTING AND DRIVING Texting and Driving is very dangerous many people die because of being distracted while driving. â€Å"Texting demographics† topics facts that the average teen male sends about 20 text a day. Texting and driving has received much attention people are dying everyday due to distracted drivers. This will be avoided if people pay more attention and just stay off their phone while on the road. The average teen male send about 20 text per day. While aRead MoreMobile Phones And Its Impact On The Way1559 Words   |  7 Pagesattached to their cell phone texting. This day and age sending a text is the quickest and most efficient form of communication. The Berkman Center for Internet Society at Harvard University found that (78%) of teens now have a cell phone and almost half (47%) of those teens have smartphones. That translates into (37%) of all teens who have cellphones, up from just (23%) in 2011(Madden). Today, people tend to use their phones to text more than they do to make phones calls, and this can serve toRead MoreThe New Popular Form Of Communication Among Teenagers1544 Words   |  7 Pagesallow society to do this in more efficient ways. Today, technology has provided better ways for people to talk to one another, whether it is from using the phone, sending emails, and more noticeably, through text messaging. Text messaging has now become the new p opular form of communication among teenagers. Texting has a long-lasting influence on people and how they communicate with each other. Some researchers are beginning to believe that this simple form of communication can be harmful to those whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Texting On Teens : Introduction And Hypothesis1130 Words   |  5 Pages The Affect Texting Has on Teens Introduction and Hypothesis The average teen from the ages 13-17 sends about 3,339 text messages per month, and 1 in 3 teens send over 100 per day. Teenagers are sending texts about 8% more than they were last year. Females send an outstanding amount of 4,050 text messages per month, and males send about 2,539. You think those numbers are shocking? Think again. The average teen spends about 9-10 hours on their phones every day. ThisRead MoreHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions in today’s society. First it will show the point of having a cellular phone has changed the concept of social space and time among social interactions. Secondly, the paper will show how individuals misuse and don’t take responsibility for their mobile device. Following that, research will be presented that demonstrates how Short Message Service (texts) has taken its own way of communication in relationships. Lastly, this paper will look to provide a conclusion of the impact that th e useRead MoreCellphones Have Become A Huge Part Of Everyday Life1206 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern culture, technology has become a huge part of everyday life. This is replacing social interactions with social media and love letters with messaging and genuine friends with far away strangers. Over the course of technology development, social and communication skills have greatly decreased due to dependence on such devices, thus being a direct effect. For American teen’s, cellphones have become a vital social tool and texting the preferred communication method. Anywhere you go, you are mostRead MoreEffect of Text Messaging on Teen Age Students2267 Words   |  10 PagesSINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT A Study on impact of text messaging on teen age students Prepared by Rambhu kumar(11) Komal jaiswal(15) Pankaj kakani(17) Sukirti keswani(18) Nitin maske(19) Introduction 1 See it? Hear it? Take it! This is still the mantra of many schools across the country that succinctly summarizes

Reaction for marriage and family Free Essays

I can really relate to this, in certain ways I have felt that my parents have tried to make me like them instead of letting me blossom into whom I want to be. I may not always make the choices that they want, or that they would choose, but in the same essence we are all different and we are all created to be who we want to become. The choices and decisions we make may not always be good or right, but the things we go through help us to grow up and learn things that we other wise would have never came to understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction for marriage and family or any similar topic only for you Order Now I also agree very much with the part where he was talking about to being able to give your children your thoughts. Parents can preach to their kids and tell them their opinions all they want, but at the end of the day we are all our own individuals and we all have our own views and opinions, through the things that we have went through. Not one person on this earth goes through exactly the same pattern as anyone else, we all go through things that make us who we are, and we all have and see things differently. The beauty of that Is our thoughts are what make us, Some of the things that I do not particularly agree with are where he Is saying that hillier come through you, but are not really yours. That does not really sit well with me, because I feel that children are a gift to you and that they are yours. I believe that they are also gifts from God, but they are yours until you dedicate them back to God. That Is Just my opinion though; I suppose It could be wrong. I feel that you are suppose to raise your kids and take care of them and supply for them so therefore that means that they are yours. That was really the only part that did not sit very well with me. Overall, I can relate to his philosophy of parenting. I think that this writing was beautiful. Just reading It really made me think a lot about parenting and life. It Is a very deep and meaningful philosophy. It Is almost as though he Is saying that a child Is never really yours, and that you are merely there to be Like them. I do not think that to many parents actually live by this philosophy. I see a lot of parents that try to control or live through their children’s lives. Sometimes I think that parents Just want to protect or they care to much which Is why they control, but It does not make It right. I think that If more parents lived by the philosophy there would be a lot more mature children In the world, because they would have been learning how to make hand things to their kids and plant their own views in their kids head, they do not let experience and question life so they never really get to grow, then when they are on their own they go crazy because they never had the chance to learn. I really liked this article, it really did make me think quite a bit and think about things my parents did and things that I would like to do in the future. How to cite Reaction for marriage and family, Essays

Case Study Analysis Rough Draft free essay sample

Analysis Paper (Rough Draft) Case Study Analysis Paper (Rough Draft) How do you make sure that you are prepared early so that you are not running around at the last minute? Many people work at different skill levels and also can handle pressure differently. In order to ease the process it is usually better to keep ahead by preparing the things that are needed in advanced rather than waiting till the last minute. Knowing these types of skills also allows for people to work with less stress since they do not have to meet a deadline so quickly and have time to fully research what is needed to be done. The Situation In early April the 15 candidates were hired to work for the Operations Supervisor by one of the new recruiters. At this time the recruiter had six months experience at this job and no previous recruitments done for the company. The recruiter was not working with another recruiter that had more experience at the time to help with this process. Once the 15 candidates where hired he scheduled a new hire orientation to be held on June 15th as to make sure the new hires would be ready for work in July. A little over a month after the 15 candidates were hired the Operations Supervisor contacted the recruiter about all the information, paperwork and other necessities that needed to be done such as drug test, physicals, etc†¦. The recruiter gave assurance to the Operations Supervisor that everything would be handled by the time the orientation would be held on June 15th. The recruiter waited until after Memorial Day to check the records for the new hires to see if their applications were complete and if they had done the mandatory drug screenings and most had not been done. The recruiter then checked for the paperwork that would need to be given to the new hires in around 20 days and there were only three manuals all of which were missing pages making none of them complete. Once this was all the seen the recruiter went on a walk to clear his head and then returned to the office. He went to check on the scheduling of the conference room where the new hire orientation is to be held since he saw that one of the employees from technology services was setting up computer terminals. The schedule showed that the conference room was booked for the whole month for training seminars on the new database implementation that was going to occur. The recruiter is not sure what to do at this point since everything appears to be going wrong and the new hires would not be able to have orientation on time nor will they be able to start by July. Analysis 1: Correcting the problem At this time the recruiter is not sure what to do in order to fix all the problems that have arisen since there is such little time left to the deadline he had set. The wisest decision would be to separate the problems and then take them on one at a time. As far as the conference room situation goes the recruiter can speak with the person that is going to be holding the seminars to see at what times they are to be held. If there are some gaps in between the seminars it can be seen if the scheduling of the orientation would be affected or not. Also if there is a particular day that the seminars would not be taking place the orientation can be rescheduled for that day. The new hires that have not completed all the necessary paperwork or drug tests would be the next point issue to handle. The files would need to be reviewed to see who is missing what paperwork or tests so that they can be contacted accordingly and be given a deadline to complete it all or they will not be hired. In doing this it allows for the follow to seem more personal since the records are being looked at individually and also puts a sense of urgency in the new hire to get it all done. This would also allow the recruiter to contact the new hires with the date of the orientation if it has changed or just to give a reminder of the date if it has not changed. The final problem of the orientation manuals not being complete is next problem to work on. From the three manuals that the recruiter does have he should review each to see what pages are missing from one and see if they are available in one of the others. If all three manuals together can make one complete manual then copies can be run off of all three accordingly to be pieced together to make one manual. Once there is one complete manual then other copies can be made. If the manuals cannot be pieced together to make one then the recruiter would need to contact his or her supervisor to see how to obtain new manuals and the time frame that it would take to get them in. This would allow him to see if the orientation would need to be rescheduled or not due to the time it will take to get manuals for all the new hires. From this point on continued follow up of all the new hires paperwork and drug tests would need to be done to make sure that they will be done before the orientation is held. Following up of the conference room schedule would also need to be done to make sure that there is nothing else newly scheduled that may have interference with the orientation. The final detail that would need to be followed up on is the status of the operations manuals being ready by the date of the orientation, such as checking with who is making them and if they are running behind or if everything is on schedule. Analysis II Proper Procedure There are many different aspects that would need to be revised in order to make sure that issues like this can be avoided in the future. Proper supervision of procedures is one the major aspects that would need to be looked at first. Since the recruiter was new and it was the first recruitment they had done another more experienced recruiter could have shadowed the process to make sure that everything is done correctly. Shadowing would allow for the new recruiter to put to the test their training and if there are points that are not done right it can be caught early. This makes for better teamwork as well as a confidence building situation for the new recruiter. During the hiring process the new hires should be given deadlines to have all of their applications and other necessary paperwork completed in order to continue processing them as a new hire. The same should also be done with the drug testing, rather than giving them till the orientation date they should have a date within 30 days to complete it so that if they don’t they can be given a little more time or there would still be ample time to hire a replacement if needed. With these deadlines in place it has the employees take the time needed to get the tasks done but also does not give them excess time to procrastinate on the getting them done. As far as the orientation paperwork situation goes the recruiter would need to check how many are available right after hiring the employees to make sure that there would be enough. With this being done early then the recruiter would be able to contact the Operations Supervisor with plenty of time to let them know that they are short on the manuals necessary for the orientation. Checking this also allows the recruiter to stay on top of ordering the manuals so that there will always be some in supply as and would only need to order more to replace the ones that are going to be used. Conclusion The best solution that was presents was from the second analysis. This solution sets the goals of the company to not only train their employees better but also to promote teamwork in order to increase accuracy in the way that jobs are done. With the shadowing being done the more experienced recruiter could have had the newer recruiter set up the deadlines for the new hires, as well as how, where and when to check on the paperwork that is needed for the orientation. The communication on how often to check the scheduling log for the conference rooms could have also been brought up. The better the training and teamwork the better the situation turns out.

Naubahar Pepsi Hrm Report free essay sample

2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMSATS Institute of Information Technology M. A Jinnah Campus, Lahore. Acknowledgment 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT First of all we thank Allah Almighty the most beneficent and merciful who gave us strength, patience and inspiration needed to complete this task, which is essential requirement for the completion of our project. We would like to acknowledge, MAM FUKAIHA KAKAKHAIL It was only due to his guidance, we had the opportunity to gain the latest hand-on knowledge conducting ON NAUBAHAR BOTTLING COMPANY We are also very thankful to all our fellows who Guide us in all The manners we required. Executive summary 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PepsiCo, Inc. , incorporated in 1919, manufactures, markets and sells soft drinks and concentrates, and snack foods. PepsiCo and its divisions and subsidiaries operate in three business segments: Worldwide Snacks, Worldwide Beverages and Quaker Foods North America (QFNA). The Companys snack food business is comprised of two business units: Frito-Lay North America (FLNA) and Frito-Lay International (FLI). We will write a custom essay sample on Naubahar Pepsi Hrm Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Companys beverage business is comprised of three usiness units: Pepsi-Cola North America (PCNA), Gatorade/Tropicana North America (GTNA) and PepsiCo Beverages International (PBI). On August 2, 2001, the Company completed a merger transaction with The Quaker Oats Company (Quaker) whereby Quaker became a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DEDICATION Our Honorable Teachers Loving Parents Whose, Love, Affection, Motivation, Patience, Support Spiritual Inspiration Give us Encouragement, To all those People who have quenched for Knowledge, To all those who have dedicated their lives to others, To all of those who have served and sacrificed for Sake of Freedom To all of those people, they may be gone now But they will never be 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Forgotten. Table of Content  · Mission statement  · Vision  · Pepsi introduction and future planning  · Pepsi slogan and logo  · Organizational structure  · Delivery system ? Direct delivery ? In direct delivery  · Departments ? Operating department ? Production department ? Human resource department  · Structure of human resource department  · Major functions ? Planning and forecasting ? Planning ? Human resource planning ? Human resource planning process ? Forecasting ? External supply 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Internal supply ? Forecasting human resource demand  · Job description ? Job description process ? Job identification ? Job summary ? Responsibilities and duties ? Standard of performance ? Working condition ? Authority and incumbent  · Job specification ? Specification for trained personnel ? Specification for untrained personnel ? Specif ication based on judgment ? Specification based on statistical analysis  · Recruitment and selection process  · Recruitment in Naubahar bottling company ? Major sources ? Types ? Candidates ? Newly hired  · Training and development ? Basic model ? GAP ? Structure need 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT  · Application process  · Model of result oriented needs assessment  · Compensation management ? Compensation ? Reward system ? Salary ? Probation period ? Rent ? Medical care ? Social security card ? Transportation  · Changes within the organization ? Promotion ? Transfer ? Demotion  · Separation ? Lay off ? Retirement ? Resignation  · Leave system ? Casual leave ? Medical leave ? Annual leave  · Weakness in human resources department  · Observations and suggestions 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT  · Recommendations  · Glossary MISSION STATEMENT â€Å"The mission is to produce PepsiCo quality everages, maintain market leadership by growing our sales volumes, strengthen our market share, delivering ROI to all of its stakeholders and fulfill its responsibilities in the community†. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT VISION STATEMENT 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT â€Å"The Vision of the company is to continue to build a strong company which i s the number one beverage company in Pakistan and provides value to all of its stakeholders. † PEPSI IN PAKISTAN Pepsi cola is also very popular in Pakistan that’s why its market share is about 90% in the soft-drink market. Pepsi Cola International, a emarkable name in the cola industry is doing its business in Pakistan through franchising. PCI has developed following bottlers in Pakistan till now. Naubahar Bottling Company is the largest manufacturer and distributor of Pepsi Cola soft drinks in Pakistan. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT These franchises are located in PAKISTAN ? Karachi ? Lahore ? Multan ? Faisalabad ? Gujranwala ? Peshawar ? Islamabad ? Sukkher ? Hyderabad Naubahar bottling company (NBC) Pvt. Ltd. Gujranwala Naubahar Bottling Co. (Pvt. ) Ltd. (NBC) is one of the nine (09) franchises of â€Å"Pepsi Cola International† in Pakistan. Naubahar Bottling Co. Pvt. ) Ltd. (NBC) first was involved in the business of manufacturing and marketing of Coca-Cola. Later on it started 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT manufacturing and marketing business with Pepsi Cola in May 27, 1981. The Area allotted to it, was Gujranwala Franchise. The franchise area consists of the following nine districts. ? Gujranwala ? Gujrat ? Hafizabad ? Mandibghaud ? Jehlum ? Sialkot ? Narowal ? Sheikhupura ? Chakwal The company operates through a well-established network of a number of distributors. The company has two types of delivery systems i. e. ? Direct delivery system ? Indirect delivery system The basic difference between the direct and the indirect delivery system is that in a direct distribution system, the company spends its own resources while in an indirect distribution; the dealer spends his own resources on all the factors which increases the sales volume: DIRECT IRECT DELIVERY ELIVERY SYSTEM YSTEM 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Manufacturer Retailers Customers INDIRECT NDIRECT DELIVERY ELIVERY SYSTEM YSTEM Manufacturers distributor Retailers Customers Most importantly, this direct delivery system is present only in Gujranwala franchise in Pakistan. The company also has its depots (remote depots) in different cities. It helps a lot in increasing its sale and directing the distribution system. They are in ? Sialkot ? Gujrat ? Shahdara ? Jehlum ? Sheikhupura ? Narowal HISTORY AND FUTURE PLAN THE SUMMER OF 1898, AS USUAL, WAS HOT AND HUMID THE SUMMER OF 1898, AS USUAL, WAS HOT AND HUMID IN NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA. SO A YOUNG IN NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA. SO A YOUNG PHARMACIST NAMED CALEB BRADHAM BEGAN PHARMACIST NAMED CALEB BRADHAM BEGAN EXPERIMENTING WITH COMBINATIONS OF SPICES, JUICES, EXPERIMENTING WITH COMBINATIONS OF SPICES, JUICES, AND SYRUPS TRYING TO CREATE A REFRESHING NEW AND SYRUPS TRYING TO CREATE A REFRESHING NEW 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DRINK TO SERVE HIS CUSTOMERS. HE SUCCEEDED BEYOND DRINK TO SERVE HIS CUSTOMERS. HE SUCCEEDED BEYOND ALL EXPECTATIONSBECAUSE HE INVENTED THE BEVERAGE ALL EXPECTATIONSBECAUSE HE INVENTED THE BEVERAGE KNOWN AROUND THE WORLD AS PEPSI-COLA. KNOWN AROUND THE WORLD AS PEPSI-COLA. Caleb Bradham knew that to keep people returning to his pharmacy, he would have to turn it into a gathering place. He did so by concocting his own special beverage, a soft drink. His creation, a unique mixture of kola nut extract, vanilla and rare oils, became so popular his customers named it Brads Drink. Caleb decided to rename it Pepsi-Cola, and dvertised his new soft drink. People responded, and sales of Pepsi-Cola started to grow, convincing him that he should form a company to market the new beverage In 1902, he launched the Pepsi-Cola Company in the back room of his pharmacy, and applied to the U. S. Patent Office for a trademark. At first, he mixed the syrup himself and sold it exclusively through soda fou ntain. He mixed the syrup himself and sold it exclusively through soda fountains. But soon Caleb recognized that a greater opportunity existed to bottle Pepsi so that people could drink it anywhere. 1903, Pepsi-Cola was officially registered with the U. S. Patent Office. That year, Caleb sold 7,968 gallons of syrup, using the theme line Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion. He also began awarding franchises to bottle Pepsi to independent investors, whose number grew from just two in 1905, in the cities of Charlotte and Durham, North Carolina, to 15 the following year, and 40 by 1907. By the end of 1910, there were Pepsi-Cola franchises in 24 states. Pepsi-Colas first bottling line resulted from some less-thansophisticated engineering in the back room of Calebs pharmacy. Building a strong franchise system was one of Calebs greatest 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT achievements. Local Pepsi-Cola bottlers, entrepreneurial in spirit and dedicated to the products success, provided a sturdy foundation. They were the cornerstone of the Pepsi-Cola enterprise. By 1907, the new company was selling more than 100,000 gallons of syrup per year. 1898 Caleb Bradham’s, a New Bern, North Carolina, pharmacist, renames Brads Drink, a carbonated soft drink he created to serve his drugstores fountain customers. The new name, Pepsi- Cola, is derived from two of the principal ingredients, pepsin and kola nuts. It is first used on August 28. 903 In keeping with its origin as a pharmacists concoction, Bradhams advertising praises his drink as Exhilarating, invigorating, aids digestion. 1905 A new logo appears, the first change from the original created in 1898 1920 Pepsi appeals to consumers with, Drink Pepsi-Cola. It will satisfy you. 1938 The trademark is registered in the Soviet Union. 1941 In support of Americas war effort, Pep si changes the color of its bottle crowns to red, white and blue. A Pepsi canteen in Times Square, New York, operates throughout the war, enabling more than a million families to record messages for armed services personnel overseas. 950 More Bounce to the Ounce becomes Pepsis new theme as changing soft drink economics force Pepsi to raise prices to competitive levels. The logo is again updated. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 1953 Americans become more weight conscious, and a new strategy based on Pepsis lower caloric content is implemented with The Light Refreshment campaign. 1958 Pepsi struggles to enhance its brand image. Sometimes referred to as the kitchen cola, as a consequence of its longtime positioning as a bargain brand, Pepsi now identifies itself with young, fashionable consumers with the Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi theme. A distinctive swirl bottle replaces Pepsis earlier straight-sided bottle. 1963 In one of the most significant demographic events in commercial history, the post-war baby boom emerges as a social and marketplace phenomenon. Pepsi recognizes the change, and positions Pepsi as the brand belonging to the new generation-The Pepsi Generation. Come alive! Youre in the Pepsi Generation makes advertising history. It is the first time a product is identified, not so much by its attributes, as by its consumers lifestyles and attitudes. 1964 A new product, Diet Pepsi, is introduced into Pepsi-Cola advertising. 973 Pepsi Generation advertising continues to evolve. Join the Pepsi People, Feelin Free captures the mood of a nation involved in massive social and political change. It pictures us the way we are-one people, but many personalities. 1976 Have a Pepsi Day is the Pepsi Generations upbeat reflection of an improving national mood. Puppies, a 30-second snapshot of an encounter between a very s mall boy and some even smaller dogs, becomes an instant commercial classic. 1982 With all the evidence showing that Pepsis taste is superior, the only question remaining is how to add that message to Pepsi 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Generation advertising. The answer? Pepsis got your Taste for Life! a triumphant celebration of great times and great taste. 1990 Teen stars Fred Savage and Kirk Cameron join the New Generation campaign, and football legend Joe Montana returns in a spot challenging other celebrities to taste test their colas against Pepsi. Music legend Ray Charles stars in a new Diet Pepsi campaign, You got the right one baby. 1991 You got the Right one Baby is modified to You got the Right one Baby, Uh-Huh! The Uh-Huh Girls join Ray Charles as back-up singers and a campaign soon to become the most opular advertising in America is on its way. Supermodel Cindy Crawford stars in an award-winning commercial made to introduce Pepsis updated logo and package graphics. 1992 Celebrities join consumers, declaring that they Gotta have it. The interim campaign supplants Choice of a New Generation as work proceeds on new Pepsi advertising for the 90s. Mountain Dew growth continues , supported by the antics of an outrageous new Dew Crew whose claim to fame is that, except for the unique great taste of Dew, theyve Been there, Done that, Tried that. 1993 Be Young, Have fun, Drink Pepsi advertising starring asketball superstar Shaquille ONeal is rated as best in U. S. 1994 New advertising introducing Diet Pepsis freshness dating initiative features Pepsi CEO Craig Weather up explaining the relationship between freshness and superior taste to consumers. 1995 In a new campaign, the company declares Nothing else is a Pepsi and takes top honors in the years national advertising championship. In 2000 PepsiCo sales are $20 billion and the company has 125,000 employees at year 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Now Pepsi is available in more than 200 countries of the world. Pepsi slogan and logo 1902 Brads Drink 903 Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion 1906 Original Pure Food Drink 1908 Delicious and Healthful 1915 For All Thirsts Pepsi: Cola 1919 Pepsi: Cola It make s you Scintillate 1920 Drink Pepsi: Cola It Will Satisfy You 1928 Peps You Up! 1929 Heres Health! 1932 Sparkling, Delicious 1933 Its the Best Cola Drink 1934 Double Size Refreshing and Healthful 1938 Join the Swing to Pepsi 1939 Twice as Much for a Nickel 1943 Bigger Drink, Better Taste 1947 Its a Great American Custom 1949 Why Take Less When Pepsis Best? 1954 The Light Refreshment 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Refreshing Without Filling 958 Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi 1961 Now Its Pepsi for Those Who Think Young 1963 Come Alive! Youre in the Pepsi Generation 1967 Taste that Beats the Others Cold, Pepsi Pours It On. 1969 Youve Got a Lot to Live, Pepsis Got a Lot to Give 1973 Join the Pepsi People Feelin Free 1976 Have a Pepsi Day! 1979 Catch That Pepsi Spirit Take the Pepsi Challenge 1981 Pepsis Got Your Taste for Life 1983 Pepsi Now! 1984 The Choice of a New Generation 1987 Americas Choice 1989 A Generation Ahead 1992 Gotta Have It 1993 Be Young, Have Fun, Drink Pepsi 1995 Nothing El se is a Pepsi 1997 Generation Next 1998 Same Great Taste 999 The Joy of Cola 2000 The Joy of Pepsi 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2003 Pepsi. Its the Cola 2010 Yes you can Organizational structure 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Director General Manager Sales Manager (Local Sales) Sales Manager (Out Sales) Plant Manger Marketing Services Manager S D Mangers Assistant Manager Marketing Services Publicity Manager Store Manag er Shippin g Manage r MIS Manage r Finance Manager Purchas e Manage r Audit Manage r HR Manage r Producti on Manager QC Manager Managing Director Store Manag er Shippin g Manage r Purchas e Manage r Audit Manage r 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MAIN PRODUCTS OF PEPSI MAIN PRODUCTS OF PEPSI Pepsi The flagship product and the best tasting beverage there is. Diet Pepsi Great taste, with only one calorie. Pepsi Vanilla Fresh new Vanilla taste Diet Pepsi Vanilla Fresh new Vanilla taste with only one calorie Pepsi One Great tasting with only 1 calorie. Pepsi Twist Adds a twist of lemon to the great Pepsi taste. Wild Cherry Pepsi Adds the flavor of cherry to the great Pepsi taste. Mountain Dew Crystal clear and refreshing. Code Red Mountain’s product Aquafina Bottled water. Mirinda Fruit drink. DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENTS (1) OPERATING DEPARTMENTS  · Procurement store Raw material purchase  · General purchases  · Purchase process  · Domestic and foreign purchase (2) PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT  · Quality control  · Water treatment 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT  · Process of empty bottling filling  · Process of washing bottles (3) H. R. M DEPARTMENT  · Structure of H. R. M Department  · No of employees working in H. R. M Department  · Functions of H. R. M Department  · Human Resource Planning and Forecasting  · Human Resource planning process  · Recruitment and selection  · Employees Selection Process  · Recruitment Process in NBC  · Model of result oriented need assessment  · Training in NBC Organizational management STRUCTURE OF HR DEPARTMENT Assistant to H. R Manager (H. R Executive) Assistant to H. R Manager (H. R Officer) 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Number of employee working in the H. R. M Department: Almost three employees working under the Human Resource Manager but on the other hand 2500 employees working in PEPSI (Naubahar Bottling Company) also manage the H. R department with the coordination of the each department. Major Functions ? Human Resource Planning and Forecasting 1. 1. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING: HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING: Human Resource Planning Parallels the plans for the business as a whole. HRP focuses on questions such as these: i. What do the proposed business strategies imply with respect to human resources? ii. What kinds of internal and external constraints will (or do) we H. R Helper 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT face? iii. What are the implications for staffing, compensations practices, training and development, and Management succession? iv. What can be done in the short run (tactically) to prepare for long term (strategic) needs? Although HRP means different things to different people, general agreement exist on its ultimate objective-namely the most ffective use of scarce talent in the interest of the worker and organization. Thus we may define HRP broadly as an effort to anticipate future business and environmental demands on an organization, and to provide qualified people to fulfill that business and satisfy those demands. This general view suggests several specific. Interrelated activities that together constitute an HRP System. They include: ? A talent inv entory : A talent inventory to assess current human resources (skills, abilities, and potential) and to analyze how they are currently being used. ? Human Resource Forecast: 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Human resource forecast to predict future HR requirements (the number of worker needed, the number expected to be available based on labor market characteristics, the skills mix required, internal versus external labor supply) ? Action Plans : Action plans to enlarge the pool of people qualified to fill the projected vacancies through such actions as recruitment, selection, training, placement, Transfer, promotion, development, and compensation. ? Control and evaluation : Control and evaluation to provide feedback on the overall effectiveness of the human resource planning system by onitoring the degree of attainment of HR objectives. ?Human Resource Planning Process Issues Analysis Business needs External Factors Internal supply 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Human Resource Forecasts: The purpose of human resource forecasting is to estimate labor requirements at some future time period. Such forecasts are two types. ? The external and internal supply of la bor and Action Plans Staffing authorizations Recruitment Promotions and transfers Organizational changes Training and development Compensation and benefits Labor relations Forecasting Requirements Staffing levels Staffing mix (Qualitative) 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? The aggregate external and internal demand for labor o EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SUPPLY ? Forecasting External Human Resource Supply Recruitment and hiring new employees are essential activities for virtually all firms, at least over the long run. Whether they are due to projected expansion of operations or to normal workforce attribution, forays into the labor market are necessary. Managers in (PEPSI) Naubahar Bottling Company pay especially close attention to forecasts of HR supply. ? Forecasting Internal Human Resource Supply A reasonable starting point for projecting a firm’s future supply of labor is its current supply of labor. Perhaps the simplest type of internal supply forecast is the succession plan, a concept that has been discussed in the planning literature for over 25 years. Succession plans may be developed for management employees, non management employees, or both. The process for developing such a plan includes setting planning horizon, identifying replacement candidates for each key position, assessing current performance and readiness for promotion, identifying career evelopment needs, and integrating the career goals of individuals with company goals. JOB DESCRIPTION 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Job description also provide on the basis of the designation. Job description form also provides in the written form to the each department according to the designation of the employees then each department provides job description to their employees. Here the pay professional should stand ardize and complete the job description that were found to be lacking or missing during the initial audit and review. Job description will serve as and anchor for the pay professional . They will provide a comprehensive understanding of the organization and will serve as the initial basis for job evaluation. A written statement of what the worker actually does how he or she does it and what the job’s working conditions are ? Section of a typical job description; ? Job identification ? Job summary ? Responsibilities and duties ? Authority of incumbent ? Standards of performance ? Working condition 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Job specification ? JOB IDIENTIFICATION;  · Job title  · FLSA status section  · Preparation date  · Prepared by ? JOB SUMMARY;  · Describe the general nature of the job Lists the major function or activities ? RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES; A list of the job’s major responsibilities and duties defines limits of jobholder decision making authority, direct supervision and budgetary limitation. ? STANDARD OCCUPTIONAL CLASSIFICATION; Classifies all workers into one of 23 major groups of jobs which are subdivided into further 96 minor groups of job and detailed occupations. ? STANDARED OF PERFORMANCE AND WORKING CONDITION Lists the standard the employees expected to achieve under each of the job description’s main duties and responsibilities. Job description use for: New position ? For promotion 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Recruitment ? Transfers ? Performance Management ? Career Planning ? Staff Planning ? Training and Development Steps in the Job Description Process Determine Method of collecting Data Design the Questionnaire Identify the Appropriate incumbent Conduct the Interview Write the Draft process or Results Review and Rewrite 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT JOB SPECIFICATION ? Specification for trained personnel ? Specification for untrained personnel ? Specification based on judgment ? Specification based on statistical analysis Recruitment and Selection ; A. Recruitment as a Strategic Imperative: Recruitment is a form of business competition. Just as corporations complete to develop, manufacture, and market the Obtain Approval of Incumbent and supervisor 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT best product or service, so they must also complete to identify, attract, and hire the most qualified people. Recruitment is a business and it is big business. It demands serious attention from management, for any business strategy will falter without the talent to execute it. Certainly, the range of recruitment needs is broad. A small manufacturer in a well-populated rural area faces recruitment challenges that are far different from those of a high technology firm operating in global markets. B. The Employee Recruitment and Selection Process: Specification of people/task Requirements of jobs Specification of human resources Requirements A pool of qualified candidates Job analysis Human Resource Planning Recruitment 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT A smaller pool of qualified candidates New Employees Understanding of Company / Departmental policies, procedures And benefits Optimal match of employee talents With organizational needs Competence to perform present or Initial Screening Placement Selection Orientation Training 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Future Job requirements Feedback regarding past and Present job performance supervisor/ subordinate plans for the future RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE IN NAUBAHAR BOTTLING COMPANY ?Major sources of potential job candidates are ? Newspaper Adds ? Internal Search Advertisement ? Employees Referrals (Permanent Employees of NBC) Performance Appraisal 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ?Types of Recruitment ? Permanent Recruitment (Minimum Requirement Intermediate) ? Daily Wages (At least Metric) Contract (Graduation and Master for one year) ?The candidates are selected on the basis of ? Interview by HR Manager ? Interview by Factory Manager ? Interview by Concerned Department Head ? Final Interview by MD/Director ?Check list for newly hire employees ? N. B. C application form ? Application (own hand written) ? Original Resume ? Attested copies of academic certificates ? Four number of photographs (passport size) ? Salary evidence 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Two reference with complete name, address, Designation and contact number ? Driving license of the employee ? Interview evaluation form and test result Training and Development Training Need Assessment A. Basic Model It shows that in defining training needs we have to start by identifying and comparing two levels of performance: the standard (desired, optimum, future, planned) performance level (PS) and the current (existing real) performance (pc). The difference between these two levels is the performance gap. B. Defining the gap between current and desired performance The identification of current performance starts by fact-finding, which consists of collecting information indicative of performance, describing and measuring it. For example, the plant utilization may be chosen and measured as global indicator of performance. The related competence 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT problems of production managers may be in areas of production scheduling and control, maintenance management, quality improvement and purchasing. Factors other than the production managers’ competence (calling for non-training solutions) may include a shortage of foreign exchange, the absence of any bonus systems for stimulating better utilization of plant, and so on. C. Structure of the needs In applying the approaches described above, it is useful to be able to refer to clear and generally acceptable ways of structuring the training and development needs. This help to avoid confusion in what is meant by needs, and endless debates on the differences between performance and competence, and so on. In particular, it is useful to differentiate between the levels of organizational performance, individual behavior and performance, and competence, this consist with the postulate that training must be performance and result oriented. ? Organizational performance Individual behavior and performance ? Competence APPLICATION PROCESS 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Application Form Fill up and Signature of Department Head Transfer in Attendance Leave Register Check by time office availability of leaves Submitted in Time Office Application Process 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Model of results oriented needs assessment Spotting organizational problems Tracing problems to their main cause s and areas Recognizing individual (group) performance problem Job analysis Performance appraisal Determining performance improvement needs Separating Training from non training solutions 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT ?Compensation At a broad level, and organizational reward system includes any thing and employee values and desires that an employer is able and willing to offer in exchange for employee contribution. More specifically, the reward system includes both financial and no financial Rewards. Financial rewards include direct payments (e. g. salary) plus indirect payments in the form of employee benefits. Compensation program also manage in the time office. Salaries are paid to the daily wages, contract and permanent employees according to their designation. Salaries and plus benefits also provide to the employees. REWARD SYSTEM 1. Pension (60 years) 1. Petrol + Maintenance 2. Direct Payments (Salaries) 2. Protection Program 3. Bonus (Three Basic Pay Annually) 3. Effective Supervision Training needs and solutions Non-Training needs and solutions Financial Non Financial 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 4. Accommodation 5. Utilities bills 6. Vehicles ? SALARY Salary of all the workers permanent and temporary (Daily Wages) is prepared in time office with the help of attendance register. Salary of permanent employee is prepared at the last of month and the salary of daily wages workers twice a month. The increment is made when a worker complete one year in service. Following deductions are made for preparation of salary. The increment is made when a worker complete one year in service. Following deductions are made for preparation of salary. Daily Wages Permanent Basic (daily wages) Rs. 81 Basic Pay 66. 7 % of gross pay CLA- 1 Rs. 4 Salary Preparation 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT House Rent 40% of basic Pay CLA- ii Rs. 2 Convene Allowance Rs. 3oo/- CLA- iii Rs. 7 Other Allowances Rs. oo/- Special Excreta Rs. 7 EOBI Rs. 30/- (Deduct) Adhock Relief Rs. 14 EOBI ESSI 6% (Company) ? PROBATION PERIOD: In the Naubahar bottling company the probation period of new employee is three to six months in the probation period employee work routine wise. There is no leave granted during the probation period. Total Rs. 116 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT In the probation period employee efficiency and effectiveness has been check the permanent recruitment depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of the employee. The probation period is necessary for the newly hire employee it s the basis for permanent employee if the probation period of the employee is satisfactory the employee will be hire permanently if the probation is not satisfactory level then the employee will be dismiss. During the probation period the salary will be given to the selected candidate the salary will be start from the first month. ? RENT OR RESIDENCE FACILITY: Rent or resident facility is given by company to those employees who are from out of station/town/city. And their rent is paid by company. ? MEDICAL CARE: The company provide the facility of Social security card to the employee both permanent and daily wages. This card is issued by the Employee Social Security Institute (ESSI). With this card an employee gets a lot of benefits with pay anything. The social security card is allotted to these candidates whose pay is up to 5ooo/-. Following documents are required to achieve the social security card. Social Security Card 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Application to the factory manager ID card of Employee Detail of depended persons Registration Card (ESSI) Affidavit of Parents Form Medical Fitness Form ID Cars of Dependents Persons ? TRANSPORTATION: Transportation allowance is given to only permanent employees which is included in their salary. The amount of conveyance allowance vary from job to job depend on status of job. Transportation allowance is included in their salary in the name of CONVEYANCE ALLOWANCE. ? CHANGES WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION ? Promotion ? Transfer ? Demotion 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 1. Promotion Promoted employees usually assume greater responsibility and authority in return for higher pay, benefits, and privileges, psychologically, promotions help satisfy employees needs for security, belonging, and personal growth. Promotions are important organizational decisions that should receive the same careful attention as any other employment decision. Promotion in NBC ? An employee Promoted after three years services in NBC but only on permanent basis. ? On the other hand if en employee has intermediate qualification and during the job he complete his graduation he will be promote 2. Transfer Transfer function performs in NBC. There are two types of Transfer ? Transfer with NOC ? Transfer without NOC ? Tr ansfer With NOC If an employee transfer from department to any other department NOC is necessary for transfer. For example an employee transfer from production to shipping NOC is necessary for transfer. ? Transfer without NOC 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT An employee can transfer from sale department to sale department without NOC. For example an employee transfer from Gujranwala to Gujarat in sale department NOC is not necessary 2. Demotion Employee demotions usually involve a cut in pay, status, privilege, or opportunity, they occur infrequently since they tend to be accompanied by problems of employee apathy, depression, and inefficiency that can undermine the morale of a work group. For these reasons, many managers prefer to discharge or to move employees laterally rather than demote them. ?SEPRATION 1) Layoffs 2) Retirements(PENSION) 3) Resignations 1. Layoffs How safe is my job? For many people that is the issue of the late 1990s. It is becoming clear that corporate cutbacks were not oddity of the 1980s and 1990s, but rather are likely to persist. Involuntary layoffs are never pleasant, and management policies must consider the impacts on those who leave, on those who stay, on the local community, and on the company 2. Retirements(PENSION) 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT For selected employees, early retirement is possible alternative to being laid off. Early retirement programs take many forms, but typically they involve partial pay stretched over several years, along with extended benefits. Early retirement programs are intended to provide incentives to terminate; they are not intended to replace regular retirement benefits. Any losses in pension resulting from early retirement are usually offset by attractive incentive payments. In NBC no early retirement is not possible pension are paid after retirement to those employees who are more than 60 years of age. 3. Resignations Resignation, or voluntary worker turnover, has been increasing steadily over the past 15 years, particularly among white-collar and professional workers. Employees who resign should avoid burning their bridges behind them, leaving anger and resentment In their wake; instead, they should leave gracefully and responsibly, stressing the value of their experience in the company. In NBC early resignation is possible who will resign from the company; he must deprive from the benefits of the company. ? LEAVE SYSTEMVACATION CRITERIA LEAVE SYSTEMVACATION CRITERIA : Like other multinational companies Naubahar Bottling Company (NBC) Allot to the permanent staff different kind of leaves. Weekly rest day and other holidays declared by the Government of Pakistan around the year enjoy every permanent employee of NBC. Except all above leaves the company allotted the following holidays to the permanent workers. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Causal Leaves When a permanent employee completes his probation period of three month (Extendable if required) he has awarded ten (10) causal leaves which one can avail in any cause of emergency with full pay. A worker can not avail all the leaves (Expect Special causes) at once he can maximum four (4) leaves can avail at once. Medical Leaves Sixteen (16) Medical leaves are given to the permanent employee for the period of one year. A Permanent employee can avail these leaves with half pay. If the employee goes on leave for more then 4 leaves then he would have to present the Medical certificate in which his disease and rest mentioned. ? ANNUAL LEAVES When a permanent employee complete his one year in this company, He is eligible to a vail the fourteen (14) annual leaves for any visit purpose with his family with full pay. Mostly these holidays are allotted to the workers in off season. If a worker did not avail these leave Then it transfers it into his account. But only two year vacations are recorded and two year it did not transfer to the previous balance. ? Leaves Against Over Time In Naubahar Bottling Company (NBC) at officer supervision level did not pay against over time. He can change his overtime to a leave. Every body can not do over time. Only those persons those who are permitted by the department head. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? CRITERIA RITERIA OF OF LEAVE EAVE APPLICATION PPLICATION When a permanent employee wants to a leave he gets an application form from the time office. First of all the time office staff checked that is there availability of leaves in his account, if yes then the concern person marked the application that many leaves in his account. After that the applicant fills up this application for and then signature from hiss concern head of the department. After fill up this form submitted in the time office and the time office staff transfer it in the attendance and leaves register according to their department. ? OVER VER TIME IME APPLICATION PPLICATION To avail over time following process is completed by the applicant. ? INTIMATION NTIMATION FORM ORM Causal Leaves Medical Leave Annual Leaves Over time leave Types of Leaves 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT First of all a intimation form is filled by the applicant and then he go to his manager for sign that he is need to department for over time. After the signature of manager this for is submitted in the time office. ? OVER VER TIME TIME/A /ALLOWANCE LLOWANCE FORM ORM Now after submitted the intimation form the applicant submit a form in the time office and the time office person transfer this from application to the over time register in which is against over time are recorded. WEAKNESSES IN HR DEPARTMENT 1. Policies have been developed but not implement. 2. The employees did not promote soon that’s why employees leave the factory. 3. New employee’s salary is more than old employees. 4. Lose the key employees because of the reference. 5. One person handles all the recruitment procedure of the N. B. C which may be burden for him. 6. HRM department in NBC is not working professionally . Only two to three persons are handling all the work. H. R. M functions are more but employees working in H. R. M Department are less. OBSERVATINS AND SUGGESTIONS There should be proper planning by: ? Assessing current human resource standards generating human 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT resources inventory. ? Assessing future human resources needs by organization’s strategies future programs. ? After assessing current capabilities of future needs a program should be developed to have right person for the right job at right time. ? At the moment, HR department is itself facing staffing problem it seems to be non existent. ? The selection process through which candidates pass is very slow time consuming pass is very slow and time consuming. Candidate have to sit day long waiting for management approval to start test then. There is service of interviews which have no time table. It is generally three four days patience test trouble some for candidates from other cities or already doing jobs. ? For the medical bills and small loan employees need to get managing director’s approvals and then pass through a long procedure. It should be simplified. Department heads should be authorized to approved loans and medical bills up to a certain amount. ? Computer job related aptitude test should also be made part of selection tests to have better job personality fit. Formal training is conducted but that is due to ISO department not with the planning/efforts of HR department. ? Performance appraisal has only once but it was a useless exercise because its results were not used in future planning or changes. Performance appraisal should be conducted: ? To know development training needs of employees. ? To get performance fe ed back. ? Anticipate direction for future performance ? To change/ compensation system. 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT There is not idea of planned career development in NBC. Career development can be in term of job rotation, transfer promotion. It improves the organizations ability to attract of retain talented people, anticipating change helping employees to learn new skills and improve utilization of a personal abilities. Motivation is the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals. The general level of motivation in NBC employees is very low and they are dissatisfied with their jobs and pay scales. Only best employee of the month program is implemented highlight employees whose work performance is excellent. There would be lobbies or affiliations in the organization. These should 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT e canalized in positive approach e. g. mentoring, communication link instead of source of conflicts. Teams (functional, self-managed, cross functional, problem solving) should be to speed decisions, increase performance, facilitate cooperation improve employee morale. There must be some channel to communicate employees problem/suggestion/comments directly to top management e. g. suggest ion box. These suggestions should be discussed in quality control meetings. No attitude surveyor any internal research has ever conducted by the HR department to get. Employees in NBC are performing well but they have low level of motivation. Absenteeism is controlled because total forty annual leaves are allowed but more important reason it that employees feel self responsibility. However the alarming indicators are turnover and job satisfaction. The organization is facing high turnover rate and employees are dissatisfied with their jobs and pay scales. Experienced staff is leaving the organization or searching for opportunities. With the kind attention and efforts of general manager deputy general manager, the situation is improving. Qualified young people are joining the organization. The pay scales of metric, intermediate graduate employees are revised. However much more is needed to do in this regard. RECOMANDATIONS In PEPSI (NBC) Human Resource Department must expand the strength of its employees 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ? Assess current human resource standards generate human resources inventory. ? Assess future human resources needs by organization’s strategies future programs. ? To know development training needs of employees. ? Anticipate direction for future performance ? Formal training conduct with the planning/efforts of HR department. ? Perform all the functions of Human Resource Department ore efficiently and effectively. GOLSSARY ESSI: Employ Social Security Institute EOBI: Employ Overage Benefits Institute TIME OFFICE: Establishment department is under the human resource manager. Time office of NBC is the part of establishment department. This office is lead by an office in charge under the guidance of factory manager (Head of Establishment Department). The 2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT main purpose of thi s department (Time Office) is to keep record of the entire employee that is working in the Naubahar Bottling Company (NBC) BEVERAGE: Any liquid suitable for drinking